Phase separation of FG-nucleoporins in nuclear pore complexes
Phase separation of FG-nucleoporins in nuclear pore complexes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119205
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发表时间：
2022-01-06
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Tripathi, Timir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nag, Niharika;Sasidharan, Santanu;Tripathi, Timir
核膜（NE）是一种双层膜，将遗传物质与细胞质分开并物理隔离。核孔复合物（NPC）是嵌入NE中的圆柱形结构，并且仍然是细胞核和细胞质之间的唯一通信通道。NPC的内部含有密集堆积的内在无序的FG-核孔蛋白（FG-NUPS），从而形成渗透屏障。这一屏障便于对进口、出口或在NPC之间穿梭的货物进行选择和区分。最近的研究表明，FG-Nups经历液-液相分离成液滴的过程。此外，这些液滴模拟在NPC内部观察到的渗透性屏障。这篇综述强调了发生在NE中的NPC内部的FG-NUPs的相分离。我们讨论了FG-Nups的相分离，并比较了导致其相分离的不同方面。此外，几种疾病引起的异常相分离的蛋白质进行检查相对于内斯。通过了解核膜相分离的基本过程，综述了影响这一现象的参数及其重要性，最终为更好地研究生物分子凝聚物的结构-功能关系铺平了道路。
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a bilayer membrane that separates and physically isolates the genetic material from the cytoplasm. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are cylindrical structures embedded in the NE and remain the sole channel of communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The interior of NPCs contains densely packed intrinsically disordered FG-nucleoporins (FG-Nups), consequently forming a permeability barrier. This barrier facilitates the selection and specificity of the cargoes that are imported, exported, or shuttled through the NPCs. Recent studies have revealed that FG-Nups undergo the process of liquid-liquid phase separation into liquid droplets. Moreover, these liquid droplets mimic the permeability barrier observed in the interior of NPCs. This review highlights the phase separation of FG-Nups occurring inside the NPCs rooted in the NE. We discuss the phase separation of FG-Nups and compare the different aspects contributing to their phase separation. Furthermore, several diseases caused by the aberrant phase separation of the proteins are examined with respect to NEs. By understanding the fundamental process of phase separation at the nuclear membrane, the review seeks to explore the parameters influencing this phenomenon as well as its importance, ultimately paving the way for better research on the structure-function relationship of biomolecular condensates.