Forest cover changes in the Prignitz region (NE Germany) between 1790 and 1960 in relation to soils and other driving forces
Forest cover changes in the Prignitz region (NE Germany) between 1790 and 1960 in relation to soils and other driving forces
复制标题
1790 年至 1960 年间普里尼茨地区（德国东北部）森林覆盖变化与土壤和其他驱动力的关系
DOI：
10.1007/s10980-009-9411-3
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
R. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Wulf;M. Sommer;R. Schmidt
十年到百年的土地覆盖变化是许多环境问题的重要驱动因素，包括生物多样性、生物地球化学循环，尤其是全球碳平衡。一般来说，变化在短短几十年内就得到了充分记录。对几个世纪以来土地覆盖变化及其驱动因素的研究很少。因此，本研究的主要目标是（1）追踪 170 年来森林开阔地的实际格局的发展，以及（2）将土地覆盖类别与立地条件（土壤）以及三个时期（1790-1838 年、1838-1870 年和 1870-1960 年）的其他驱动力联系起来。为此，我们结合使用了 GIS 技术和档案历史重建方法。使用卡方检验检查了不同土壤上的已建森林、造林、空地和开放土地的百分比变化。从档案中，我们获得了有关人口、政治/制度和经济/技术因素的信息，这些因素被认为是过去土地覆盖变化的驱动因素。大多数土地覆盖类别的百分比在不同时期几乎没有差异。但已建成的森林仍以沙土为主，而且很大程度上是在沙土上造林的。早期河沙和有机沉积物的清除率很高。人口、政治/制度和经济/技术等复杂因素也对普里尼茨地区的土地利用/覆盖变化产生了相当大的影响。因此，除了土地覆盖类别与土壤的密切关联之外，我们的研究表明，其他驱动力，即政治和经济因素，在充分理解过去到现在的土地利用方面发挥着重要作用。
Decadal to centennial land-cover changes are important drivers of many environmental issues, including biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles and, especially, the global carbon balance. In general, changes are well documented over only a few decades. Studies of land-cover changes and its drivers over centuries are rare. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are (1) to trace the development of the actual pattern of forest-open land over 170 years, and (2) to associate land-cover classes with site conditions (soils) as well as with other driving forces during three periods (1790–1838, 1838–1870, and 1870–1960). For these purposes, we used a combined approach of GIS-techniques and historical reconstructions from archives. The shifts of percentages for established forests, afforestation, clearings and open land on different soils were checked using a chi square test. From the archives, we obtained information on demographic, political/institutional and economic/technological factors, which are assumed to be drivers for past land-cover changes. Percentages of most land-cover classes hardly differed between the periods. However, established forests remained mainly on sandy soils and, to a large extend, afforestation was realised on sandy soils. Clearings reached high percentages on fluvial sands and organic sediments in the early period. A complex of demographic, political/institutional and economic/technological factors also had a considerable impact on land use/cover change in the Prignitz region. Thus, in addition to the strong association of land-cover classes with soils, our study demonstrated that other driving forces, i.e. political and economic factors, played an important role in the full understanding of land use from the past to the present.