How does water-reliant industry affect groundwater systems in coastal Kenya?

How does water-reliant industry affect groundwater systems in coastal Kenya?
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依赖水的工业如何影响肯尼亚沿海的地下水系统?

DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133634
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The Science of the total environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ferrer N
Ferrer N
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ferrer N

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非洲正在进行的工业化进程导致该大陆大多数国家的地下水抽取量全面增加。然而,由于缺乏水文地质数据,许多发展中国家难以妥善管理地下水系统。本研究提供了一个真实的案例研究,其中结合不同的水文地质工具和不同的信息来源,通过分析不同真实的气候条件下(2016年拉尼娜现象之前、期间和之后)新的取水制度的可持续性,评估对水资源的竞争如何影响地下水系统。采用这一方法的地区是夸莱县(肯尼亚沿海地区),该县的水文地质条件代表了非洲大陆东海岸的一个重要部分,新的采矿和农业活动与旅游业和当地社区共存。结果表明,通过整合不同的信息来源,至少可以部分克服含水层系统数据缺乏的问题。大多数时候,依赖水的用户收集具体的水文地质信息,有助于确定整个水文地质系统,因为他们自己的主要目的是以最大的生产力开发含水层。因此,当地社区用水情况,加上不同利益攸关方的知识和良好的公司水管理,可以作为提供关键数据的催化剂,并可以为未来的地下水管理和资源分配生成可靠的模型。此外,补充但简单的信息来源,如实地访谈、谷歌地球、旅行顾问和易于使用的分析方法,可适用于非洲和许多发展中国家的情况,使地下水抽取量得以估计,含水层系统的可持续性得以界定,从而能够评估未来的潜在风险。
The industrialization process taking place in Africa has led to an overall increase in groundwater abstraction in most countries in the continent. However, the lack of hydrogeological data, as in many developing countries, makes it difficult to properly manage groundwater systems. This study presents a real case study in which a combination of different hydrogeological tools together with different sources of information allow the assessment of how increased competition for water may be affecting groundwater systems by analysing the sustainability of new abstraction regimes under different real climatic condition (before, during and after La Niña 2016). The area where this approach has been applied is Kwale County (in Coastal Kenya) in a hydrogeological context representative of an important part of the east coast of the continent, where new mining and agriculture activities co-exist with tourism and local communities. The results show that the lack of aquifer systems data can be overcome, at least partly, by integrating different sources of information. Most of the time, water-reliant users collect specific hydrogeological information that can contribute to defining the overall hydrogeological system, since their own main purpose is to exploit the aquifer with the maximum productivity. Therefore, local community water usage, together with different stakeholder's knowledge and good corporate water management act as a catalyst for providing critical data, and allows the generation of credible models for future groundwater management and resource allocation. Furthermore, complementary but simple information sources such as in situ interviews, Google Earth, Trip Advisor and easy-to use analytical methods that can be applied in the African context as in many developing countries, and enables groundwater abstraction to be estimated and the sustainability of the aquifer system to be defined, allowing potential future risks to be assessed.
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