The Distribution of Species Interactions
The Distribution of Species Interactions
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DOI：
10.1086/727939
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发表时间：
2023-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Karban;Anurag A. Agrawal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Karban;Anurag A. Agrawal
在群落生态学中，虽然压力与物种相互作用分布之间的关系是一个显著的例外，但一般规律是罕见的。在低压力水平下，消极互动占主导地位，在高压力水平下，互动转向更积极。在非生物压力和消费者压力高的地方，栖息地改善和关联抵抗所产生的促进作用是常见的。高非生物压力和消费者压力的情况并不常见，这两种压力通常呈负相关。压力和相互作用的结果之间的类似模式也适用于经历营养缺乏的物种。这种关系最初是在植物中发现的，但也适用于细菌和一些动物，并且更多地支持生存而不是生长或繁殖。这种模式适用于许多水平的压力，但在非常高的压力水平下，积极的互动变得不那么强烈，产生驼峰状的关系。在压力较大的情况下，促进性互动扩大了范围限制。这种模式最适合种间而非种内的相互作用。压力下的积极互动最初被设想为在较低密度下产生更多可用资源。此外，表型变化（由于可塑性、进化或物种更替）也可以改变相互作用的结果。
General rules are rare in community ecology, although the relationship between stress and the distribution of species interactions is a notable exception. Negative interactions predominate at low levels of stress and interactions shift toward being more positive at higher levels of stress. Facilitation resulting from habitat amelioration and associational resistance are common where abiotic and consumer stress, respectively, are high. Situations with both high abiotic stress and consumer pressure are uncommon and these two stresses are often negatively correlated. A similar pattern between stress and outcome of interactions also applies for species experiencing nutritional deficiencies. The relationship was initially noticed for plants, but also applies to bacteria and some animals and has received more support for survival rather than growth or reproduction. The pattern holds over many levels of stress, but positive interactions become less strong at very high stress levels, producing a hump-shaped relationship. Range limits are extended by facilitative interactions where stress is strong. The pattern is best supported for interspecific rather than intraspecific interactions. Positive interactions under stress were initially envisioned as arising from greater available resources at lower densities. In addition, phenotypic change (due to plasticity, evolution, or species turnover) can also alter the outcome of interactions.