The morphological effects of artificial light at night on amphibian predators and prey are masked at the community level
The morphological effects of artificial light at night on amphibian predators and prey are masked at the community level
复制标题
夜间人造光对两栖动物捕食者和猎物的形态影响在群落层面被掩盖
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119604
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Hua, Jessica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shidemantle, Grascen;Blackwood, Jurnee;Horn, Kelsey;Velasquez, Isabela;Ronan, Emily;Reinke, Beth;Hua, Jessica
夜间人造光（ALAN）是一种普遍存在的污染物，在个体和社区层面上影响野生动物。在这项研究中，我们测试了个体水平的影响，ALAN对三种蝌蚪猎物和蝾螈捕食者通过测量猎物色素和捕食者和猎物质量。然后，我们通过评估捕食者-猎物相互作用的结果来评估ALAN对色素沉着和质量的个体水平影响是否具有级联的社区水平影响。我们发现，春季窥视暴露于ALAN显着黑暗比那些饲养在控制条件下。此外，在ALAN条件下饲养的林蛙显着小于在控制条件下饲养的。相比之下，东部蝾螈收集在春季早些时候，暴露于ALAN显着大于控制，而那些收集在春季晚些时候不受ALAN，表明ALAN的影响的物候差异。为了了解ALAN如何影响捕食率，我们在ALAN污染和无ALAN的户外环境中进行了捕食测定。捕食试验后，在ALAN饲养的林蛙的大小差异被消除，使林蛙大小不再有治疗差异，可能是由于大小选择性捕食。这表明了捕食者对猎物种群的选择性压力的有益性质。最后，尽管ALAN对色素沉着和质量的个体水平的影响，我们没有检测到级联社区水平的捕食率的影响。总的来说，这项研究突出了重要的物种水平的差异，ALAN的影响。它还强调需要纳入生态复杂性，以了解ALAN的净影响。
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive pollutant that influences wildlife at both the individual and community level. In this study, we tested the individual-level effects of ALAN on three species of tadpole prey and their newt predators by measuring prey pigmentation and predator and prey mass. Then we evaluated whether the individual-level effects of ALAN on pigmentation and mass had cascading community-level effects by assessing the outcome of predator-prey interactions. We found that spring peepers exposed to ALAN were significantly darker than those reared under control conditions. Additionally, wood frogs reared in ALAN conditions were significantly smaller than those reared in control conditions. In contrast, Eastern newts collected earlier in the spring that were exposed to ALAN were significantly larger than controls while those collected later in the spring were not affected by ALAN, suggesting phenological differences in the effect of ALAN. To understand how changes in pigmentation and size due to ALAN influence predation rates, we ran predation assays in both ALAN-polluted and ALAN-free outdoor environments. After the predation assay, the size disparity in wood frogs reared in ALAN was eliminated such that there was no longer a treatment difference in wood frog size, likely due to size-selective predation. This demonstrates the beneficial nature of predators’ selective pressure on prey populations. Lastly, despite individual-level effects of ALAN on pigmentation and mass, we did not detect cascading community-level effects on predation rates. Overall, this study highlights important species-level distinctions in the effects of ALAN. It also emphasizes the need to incorporate ecological complexity to understand the net impact of ALAN.