Functions, performances and perceptions of work on ships
Functions, performances and perceptions of work on ships
复制标题
船舶工作的功能、性能和看法
DOI：
10.1007/s13437-014-0057-x
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Lützhöft
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Margareta Ljung;M. Lützhöft
随着竞争的加剧，人们对提高航运业效率和提高盈利能力的需求也在增加。近几年来，人员配备已大幅减少。在1995年修订《禁止化学武器公约》时，这导致了船上工作安排的变化。通过使用功能方法，可以处理当前的需求，即船上的所有任务都建立在基于能力的技能基础上。这篇文章报道了对船上工作职能的调查结果。目的是调查今天这些职能是如何执行的，以及海军陆战队官员是如何看待这一点的。主要问题如下：军官如何处理减少船员的工作情况？他们有哪些工作职能？这些职能是如何履行的？官员们对船上的工作情况有何感受？对不同类型的船只进行了实地研究，包括参与者观察和访谈，并从社会技术角度对问题进行了说明和分析。结果揭示了一些特定的领域。减少的工作人员突显了对合适的有知识的人的需求。并不是每个人都能做好每一件事，甚至在自己的专业领域也是如此。主要问题是行政工作增加和缺乏技能发展。持续的职业发展应该是工作的一部分，也是一项有计划的活动。船员们正在努力创造灵活的解决方案，以便在船上进行工作。他们正在以不同的方式做到这一点，这取决于船员的数量、领导层和特定的船只文化。
The demands for greater efficiency and increased profitability in shipping have increased with hardened competition. In recent years major reductions in manning have been made. When the STCW Convention was revised in 1995, this led to changes in terms of the organization of work on board. By using a functional approach, it became possible to handle current demands that all tasks on board are founded on competency-based skills. This article reports the results from an investigation of work functions performed on board ships. The aim was to investigate how these functions are performed today and how marine officers perceived this. Main questions were as follows: How do officers handle the working situation with a reduced crew? Which job functions do they have and how are these performed? How do officers experience the work situation on board? Field studies, involving participant observation and interviews on various types of vessels were conducted and issues were illuminated and analyzed from a socio-technical perspective. The results revealed some specific areas. Reduced crews highlight the need for the right kind of knowledgeable people. Not everyone can be good at everything, maybe not even within their own profession. The predominating issue is about the increased administrative work and the lack of skills development. A continuous professional development should be part of the work and a planned activity. Vessel crews are trying to create flexible solutions for performing the work on board. They are doing this in various ways, depending on the number of the crew, the leadership and the specific vessel culture.