Subliminal processing of smoking-related and affective stimuli in tobacco addiction
Subliminal processing of smoking-related and affective stimuli in tobacco addiction
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DOI：
10.1037/a0012640
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Li, Yisheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leventhal, Adam M.;Waters, Andrew J.;Li, Yisheng
认知加工对吸烟和情感线索的偏向可能在烟草依赖中起作用。由于加工偏差可能发生在意识之外，目前的研究检查了与吸烟相关的和在潜意识条件下呈现的情感刺激的加工。对三组人进行图画阈值下重复启动任务：(1)不吸烟者(n=56)；(2)戒烟12h的吸烟者(10支/天)(n=47)；(3)非禁烟者(n=66)。最初的刺激被短暂地呈现(17ms)，紧随其后的是一个面具(使它们在意识中不可用)，然后是一个目标。参与者被要求对目标进行快速分类。进行了任务后意识检查，以确保参与者不会有意识地察觉到短暂呈现的基本要素(即吸烟用具、中性办公用品以及高兴、愤怒和中性的面部表情)。这两组人在对吸烟相关刺激表现出加工偏见的程度上存在差异，F(2,166)=4.99，p=0.008。被剥夺的吸烟者倾向于处理吸烟(相对于中性办公室供应)刺激，F(1，46)=5.67，p=0.02，而不被剥夺的吸烟者和不吸烟者没有(PS>；.22)。三组受试者对情感刺激表现出的阈下加工偏向的程度没有差别。禁烟似乎增加了吸烟者对吸烟相关(与中性)刺激的阈值下加工，但不影响情感刺激的阈值下加工。未来的研究应该调查对吸烟相关刺激的潜意识偏见是否会影响复发。
Cognitive processing biases toward smoking-related and affective cues may play a role in tobacco dependence. Because processing biases may occur outside conscious awareness, the current study examined processing of smoking-related and affective stimuli presented at subliminal conditions. A pictorial subliminal repetition priming task was administered to three groups: (1) Nonsmokers (n = 56); (2) Smokers (>= 10 cigarettes/day) who had been deprived from smoking for 12 h (n = 47); and (3) Nondeprived smokers (n = 66). Prime stimuli were presented briefly (17 ms) and were followed by a mask (to render them unavailable to conscious awareness) and then a target. Participants were required to make a speeded classification to the target. A posttask awareness check was administered to ensure that participants could not consciously perceive the briefly presented primes (i.e., smoking paraphernalia, neutral office supplies, and happy, angry, and neutral facial expressions). The groups differed in the degree to which they exhibited a processing bias for smoking-related stimuli, F(2, 166) = 4.99, p = .008. Deprived smokers exhibited a bias toward processing smoking (vs. neutral office supply) stimuli, F(1, 46) = 5.67, p = .02, whereas nondeprived smokers and nonsmokers did not (ps > .22). The three groups did not differ in the degree to which they exhibited a subliminal processing bias for affective stimuli. Tobacco deprivation appears to increase smokers' subliminal processing of smoking-related (vs. neutral) stimuli but does not influence subliminal processing of affective stimuli. Future research should investigate whether subliminal biases toward smoking-related stimuli influence relapse.