Bright illusions reduce the eye's pupil
Bright illusions reduce the eye's pupil
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1118298109
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发表时间：
2012-02-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Endestad, Tor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laeng, Bruno;Endestad, Tor
我们使用红外眼动仪记录了参与者在观察明度或亮度视错觉时的瞳孔直径。对四个原始错觉（基于加埃塔诺·卡尼萨[Kanizsa G (1976)《主观轮廓》，《科学美国人》234:48 - 52]和秋吉晃一[Kitaoka A. (2005)《错视之眼》（巴诺书店，新普罗维登斯，新泽西州）]的示例）进行了处理，以获得控制条件，在这些条件下，感知到的错觉亮度要么被消除，要么被降低。所有刺激都是等亮度的，因此瞳孔大小的收缩不能归因于光能的变化。我们发现瞳孔直径根据感知到的亮度和明度强度迅速变化。局部对比度信息的差异可以被排除作为一种解释，因为在第二个实验中，观察者将眼睛注视点保持在显示屏的中心；因此，局部对比度变化对中央凹的不同刺激不能导致瞳孔的差异。因此，对目前发现的最简约的解释是，瞳孔对环境光的反应反映了场景感知到的亮度或明度，而不仅仅是进入眼睛的物理光能的量。因此，瞳孔的生理反应反映了对光的主观感知，并支持了大脑的视觉回路是由对图像及其可能来源的视觉经验所塑造的这一观点。
We recorded by use of an infrared eye-tracker the pupil diameters of participants while they observed visual illusions of lightness or brightness. Four original illusions {based on Gaetano Kanisza's [Kanizsa G (1976) Subjective contours. Sci Am 234:48-52] and Akiyoshi Kitaoka's [Kitaoka A. (2005) Trick Eyes (Barnes & Noble, New Providence, NJ).] examples} were manipulated to obtain control conditions in which the perceived illusory luminance was either eliminated or reduced. All stimuli were equiluminant so that constrictions in pupillary size could not be ascribed to changes in light energy. We found that the pupillary diameter rapidly varied according to perceived brightness and lightness strength. Differences in local contrast information could be ruled out as an explanation because, in a second experiment, the observers maintained eye fixation in the center of the display; thus, differential stimulation of the fovea by local contrast changes could not be responsible for the pupillary differences. Hence, the most parsimonious explanation for the present findings is that pupillary responses to ambient light reflect the perceived brightness or lightness of the scene and not simply the amount of physical light energy entering the eye. Thus, the pupillary physiological response reflects the subjective perception of light and supports the idea that the brain's visual circuitry is shaped by visual experience with images and their possible sources.