The Impact of Gang Formation on Local Patterns of Crime
The Impact of Gang Formation on Local Patterns of Crime
复制标题
帮派形成对当地犯罪模式的影响
DOI：
10.1177/0022427806298356
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
G. Ridgeway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George E. Tita;G. Ridgeway
研究表明，即使在控制了个人水平属性之后，加入帮派的个人仍比非帮派成员犯下更多的犯罪行为。此外，当帮派成员自称是该帮派的活跃成员时，他们的犯罪程度会更高。因此，帮派成员身份显然会促进超越个人层面特征的犯罪行为。但帮派的出现对总体犯罪模式有何影响？通过探索“新兴帮派城市”（宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡）的犯罪水平和模式，作者测试了将帮派成员身份与犯罪增加联系起来的个人层面发现是否等同于整个城市层面的更多犯罪。他们还探讨了帮派形成对当地犯罪模式的影响。帮派往往具有地域性，但尽管许多定性描述描述了社区内的犯罪与帮派关系，但很少有实证研究探讨帮派如何塑造其领土内及其周围犯罪的空间分布。
Research has demonstrated that even after controlling for individual level attributes, individuals who join gangs commit more crimes than do nongang members. Furthermore, the offending level of gang members is higher when they report being active members of the gang. Therefore, gang membership clearly facilitates offending above and beyond individual level characteristics. But what impact does the onset of gangs have on aggregate crime patterns? By exploring levels and patterns of crime in an “emergent gang city” (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), the authors test whether the individual level finding linking gang membership to increased offending equates to more crime at the aggregate, citywide level. They also explore the impact that gang formation has on local patterns of crime. Gangs tend to be territorial, but although many qualitative accounts describe the crime-gang relationship within the community, few empirical studies have explored how gangs shape the spatial distribution of crime in and around their territory.