The great decoupling: China, America and the struggle for technological supremacy
The great decoupling: China, America and the struggle for technological supremacy
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大脱钩：中国、美国和技术霸权之争
DOI：
10.1093/ia/iiab165
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Ramnath Reghunadhan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ramnath Reghunadhan
在技术主导地位（实际上是至高无上）已成为国家和国家间战略定位的固有方面的时代，美国和中国之间在这一领域的斗争和由此产生的冲突已成为主要话题。在《伟大的脱钩》一书中，奈杰尔·英克斯特（Nigel Inkster）将中国的技术能力置于背景之下，从历史传统开始，一直到当今的转型以及与美国冲突的出现。该书扩展了（扩展）主权、（数字）监视以及影响中美关系轨迹的颠覆性技术能力的理念。英克斯特断言，这些是“全球领先地位[斗争]的核心，这可能会塑造至少二十一世纪上半叶的全球地缘政治格局”（第 11 页）。第一章讨论中国的知识和科学传统，采用本体论的方法来理解中国大陆的科学、技术和创新。它考察了通过李约瑟的著作而广为人知的中国早期有记载的历史，以及各个朝代在农业、城市化、印刷、公共管理、哲学、战争、科学（特别是天文学）、地图学、航海和哲学等领域取得的进步。第二章考察中西会晤的背景、影响及其对近代中国发展的启示；其中包括与工业化、贫困、对传统儒家思想的思想否定、（内）战争和现代城邦（如上海）的出现有关的问题和挑战。第三章讨论了中国的信息化和数字化，其背景是毛泽东统治的结束、信息化和数字化的兴起。
In an era in which technological dominance, indeed supremacy, has become an inherent aspect of national and strategic positioning among countries, the struggle and resultant conflicts on this terrain between the United States and China have become a major talking point. In The great decoupling, Nigel Inkster contextualizes China’s technological capabilities, beginning with historical traditions and continuing to its present-day transformation and the emergence of conflict with the United States. The book expands on the idea of (extended) sovereignty,(digital) surveillance and the disruptive technological capabilities that influence the trajectory of US–China relations. These are, Inkster asserts,‘at the heart...[of the struggle for] global pre-eminence which is likely to shape the global geopolitical landscape for at least the first half of the twenty-first century’(p. 11). Chapter one deals with China’s intellectual and scientific traditions, taking an ontological approach to understanding science, technology and innovation in mainland China. It examines the early recorded history on China, made widely accessible through the writings of Joseph Needham, and the advances made in agriculture, urbanization, printing, public administration, philosophy, warfare, science (specifically astronomy), cartography, navigation and philosophy, among other areas, under various dynasties. Chapter two examines the context of the meeting between China and the West, its impact and its implications for the development of modern China; these include the issues and challenges related to industrialization, poverty, the intellectual repudiation of traditional Confucianism,(civil) war and the emergence of modern city-states (such as Shanghai). Chapter three deals with informatization and digitalization in China, in the context of the period culminating with the end of Mao’s rule, the rise of