Quantum imaging with incoherently scattered light from a free-electron laser
Quantum imaging with incoherently scattered light from a free-electron laser
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys4301
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Von Zanthier, Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneider, Raimund;Mehringer, Thomas;Von Zanthier, Joachim
加速器驱动的自由电子激光器（FEL）的出现为通过衍射方法确定高分辨率结构开辟了新途径，这些方法远远超出了传统的X射线晶体学方法（1-10）。这些技术依赖于相干散射过程，需要在整个成像过程中保持辐射场的一阶相干性。在这里，我们表明，高阶相干度，显示在强度相关的非相干散射的X射线从自由电子激光，可以用来成像二维物体的空间分辨率接近或甚至低于阿贝限制。这构成了一种基于非相干过程（11，12）的结构确定的新方法，非相干过程包括通常被认为对成像应用有害的荧光发射或波前畸变。我们的方法是Hanbury Brown和Twiss（13）的地标强度相关测量的扩展，高于二阶，为确定相干成像方法具有内在局限性的区域中物质的结构和动力学铺平了道路（14）。
The advent of accelerator-driven free-electron lasers (FEL) has opened new avenues for high-resolution structure determination via diffraction methods that go far beyond conventional X-ray crystallography methods(1-10). These techniques rely on coherent scattering processes that require the maintenance of first-order coherence of the radiation field throughout the imaging procedure. Here we show that higher-order degrees of coherence, displayed in the intensity correlations of incoherently scattered X-rays from an FEL, can be used to image two-dimensional objects with a spatial resolution close to or even below the Abbe limit. This constitutes a new approach towards structure determination based on incoherent processes(11,12), including fluorescence emission or wavefront distortions, generally considered detrimental for imaging applications. Our method is an extension of the landmark intensity correlation measurements of Hanbury Brown and Twiss(13) to higher than second order, paving the way towards determination of structure and dynamics of matter in regimes where coherent imaging methods have intrinsic limitations(14).