Trap crops of Striga hermonthica:: in vitro identification and effectiveness in situ
Trap crops of Striga hermonthica:: in vitro identification and effectiveness in situ
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DOI：
10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00196-5
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Adango, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gbèhounou, G;Adango, E
寄生杂草Striga hermonthica是非洲萨凡纳地区谷类作物减产的主要因素。这尤其适用于农业生态系统，因为人口密度高对可耕地造成很大压力。在这些地区，与豆科陷阱作物轮作是一种有吸引力的控制方法。豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）、花生（Arachis hypogea）和大豆（Glycine max）品种的根系分泌物对S.在体外评估了Hermonthica种子。此外，进行了为期2年的研究，在原位豇豆品种IT 90 k-56在体外确定为一个潜在的陷阱作物。此外，豇豆品种TVX 1850- 01 F也在体外被鉴定为潜在的诱捕作物，并在农场进行了测试。结果表明，根系分泌物的有效性取决于独脚金种子的种群数量，建议对独脚金的地理来源和寄主作物进行研究。在确定潜在的诱捕作物时，应考虑到hermonthica、一年中的时期以及种子的年龄。如果豇豆品种IT 90 k-56在1994年6月3日（早播）、6月20日（中播）或7月5日（晚播）播种，则1995年玉米Striga感染无显著差异。然而，在1994年保持无杂草休耕后，在1995年种植玉米的地块显示出显着较高的Striga侵扰比在前一年早播的诱捕作物已进行的地块。玉米籽粒产量在1995年显着较高的陷阱种植后，在1994年，无论播种日期，杂草自由休耕地块。田间试验结果表明，TVX 1850- 01 F豇豆品种具有较好的防效，降低了大豆根瘤菌的发病率。在一个季节轮换后，玉米上的hermonthica几乎检测不到。(C)2003爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica is a major yield-reducing factor for cereal crops in savannah regions in Africa. This applies in particular to agro-ecosystems where a high human population density imposes a strong pressure on arable land. In these areas rotation with a leguminous trap crop is an attractive control method. Effectiveness of root exudates from varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max), on germination of S. hermonthica seeds were assessed in vitro. In addition, a 2-year study on effectiveness in situ was conducted with cowpea variety IT 90k-56 identified in vitro as a potential trap crop. Furthermore, cowpea variety TVX 1850-01F also identified in vitro as a potential trap crop, was tested on-farm. Results indicated that effectiveness of root exudates depends on Striga seed population and it is recommended that geographical origin and host crop of S. hermonthica, period of the year, as well as age of seeds be taken into consideration for identification of potential trap crops. There was no significant difference in Striga infestation of maize in 1995 if sowing of cowpea variety IT 90k-56 had been carried out on June 3 (early sowing), June 20 (intermediate sowing) or July 5 (late sowing) in 1994. However, plots where maize was grown in 1995 after they had been maintained as weed-free-fallow in 1994 showed significantly higher Striga infestation than plots where during previous year early sowing of trap crop had been undertaken. Maize grain yields in 1995 were significantly higher after trap cropping in 1994, regardless of sowing date, compared to weed free fallow plots. On-farm evaluation of cowpea variety TVX 1850-01F showed good results, reducing incidence of S. hermonthica on maize to nearly undetectable level after one season rotation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.