One Minute of Marijuana Secondhand Smoke Exposure Substantially Impairs Vascular Endothelial Function.
One Minute of Marijuana Secondhand Smoke Exposure Substantially Impairs Vascular Endothelial Function.
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DOI：
10.1161/jaha.116.003858
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发表时间：
2016-07-27
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Springer ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang X;Derakhshandeh R;Liu J;Narayan S;Nabavizadeh P;Le S;Danforth OM;Pinnamaneni K;Rodriguez HJ;Luu E;Sievers RE;Schick SF;Glantz SA;Springer ML
尽管公众意识到烟草二手烟（SHS）是有害的，但许多人仍然认为大麻SHS是良性的。随着大麻合法化和大麻产业的发展，关于无烟法律是否应该包括大麻的争论越来越普遍。缺乏大麻SHS引起急性心血管损害的证据经常被误认为是无害的证据，尽管大麻和烟草烟雾之间的化学和物理相似性。我们调查是否短暂暴露于大麻SHS引起急性血管内皮功能障碍。我们测量了暴露于大麻SHS之前和之后大鼠股动脉血流介导的扩张（FMD）的内皮功能，其水平与真实的烟草SHS条件相似。暴露于大麻SHS一分钟损害FMD的程度与相同浓度的烟草SHS的损害相当，但大麻的恢复速度要慢得多。暴露于大麻SHS直接引起大麻素非依赖性血管舒张，在25分钟内消退，而FMD至少在90分钟内仍然受损。即使大麻缺乏大麻素和卷烟纸被省略，也会出现损害。硝酸甘油给药的非内皮依赖性血管舒张未受损。暴露于室内空气不会损害FMD。暴露于大麻SHS一分钟实质上损害大鼠的内皮功能至少90分钟，比烟草SHS的可比损害长得多。FMD的损害不需要大麻素，尼古丁或卷烟烟雾。我们在大鼠中的发现表明，SHS可以产生类似的不良心血管作用，无论它是来自烟草还是大麻。
Despite public awareness that tobacco secondhand smoke (SHS) is harmful, many people still assume that marijuana SHS is benign. Debates about whether smoke‐free laws should include marijuana are becoming increasingly widespread as marijuana is legalized and the cannabis industry grows. Lack of evidence for marijuana SHS causing acute cardiovascular harm is frequently mistaken for evidence that it is harmless, despite chemical and physical similarity between marijuana and tobacco smoke. We investigated whether brief exposure to marijuana SHS causes acute vascular endothelial dysfunction. We measured endothelial function as femoral artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) in rats before and after exposure to marijuana SHS at levels similar to real‐world tobacco SHS conditions. One minute of exposure to marijuana SHS impaired FMD to a comparable extent as impairment from equal concentrations of tobacco SHS, but recovery was considerably slower for marijuana. Exposure to marijuana SHS directly caused cannabinoid‐independent vasodilation that subsided within 25 minutes, whereas FMD remained impaired for at least 90 minutes. Impairment occurred even when marijuana lacked cannabinoids and rolling paper was omitted. Endothelium‐independent vasodilation by nitroglycerin administration was not impaired. FMD was not impaired by exposure to chamber air. One minute of exposure to marijuana SHS substantially impairs endothelial function in rats for at least 90 minutes, considerably longer than comparable impairment by tobacco SHS. Impairment of FMD does not require cannabinoids, nicotine, or rolling paper smoke. Our findings in rats suggest that SHS can exert similar adverse cardiovascular effects regardless of whether it is from tobacco or marijuana.