A Comparison of Vector-Sensing and Scalar-Sensing Linear Arrays.
A Comparison of Vector-Sensing and Scalar-Sensing Linear Arrays.
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发表时间：
1997-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Cray;A. Nuttall
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Cray;A. Nuttall
摘要：本报告描述了矢量传感器线性阵列波束形成所特有的一些特征，这些特征不存在于标量传感元件（如传统的压力传感器）中。矢量传感器测量给定方向上的声粒子运动，例如声粒子速度，并且这些矢量具有与传播声场的幅度和相位成比例的复值分量。三种类型的矢量传感器被认为是：单轴矢量传感器，测量声粒子速度沿着一个单一的轴，双轴矢量传感器测量速度在两个正交方向，和三轴传感器，测量所有三个正交分量的速度矢量。比较由每种类型的矢量传感器组成的阵列的性能（在接收元件和阵列灵敏度，阵列方向性，和信号增益与阵列曲率）之间的关系，仅由压力传感器组成的阵列。比较还评估了两种边界条件，完全挡板传感器和传感器在自由领域。结果表明，一个单一的三轴矢量传感器可以转向，在方位角和仰角，任何平面波到达方向。单个压力传感器在自由场中不提供方向性。阵列方向性的比较表明（对于最佳实值振幅遮蔽系数），三轴和双轴矢量传感器可以提供5 dB的方向性增益，超过从相同的压力传感器阵列获得的增益。增益随阵列转向的方向而变化。同样，多轴矢量传感器提高了共形阵列的信号增益为所有阵列空间。
Abstract : Some of the features which are unique to beamforming a linear array of vector sensors, not present with scalar-sensing elements (such as conventional pressure sensors), are described in this report. Vector sensors measure acoustic particle motion, for example acoustic particle velocity, in a given direction and these vectors have complex-valued components which are proportional to the amplitude and phase of a propagating acoustic field. Three types of vector sensors are considered; a uniaxial vector sensor which measures acoustic particle velocity along a single axis, a biaxial vector sensor measuring velocity in two orthogonal directions, and a triaxial sensor which measures all three orthogonal components of the velocity vector. Comparisons are made between the performance (in terms of received element and array sensitivity, array directivity, and signal gain with array curvature) of arrays comprised of each type of vector sensor, to arrays comprised of pressure sensors only. The comparisons have also evaluated two boundary conditions, perfectly baffled sensors and sensors in the free field. It is shown that a single triaxial vector sensor may be steered, in both azimuth and elevation, to any planewave arrival direction. A single pressure sensor provides no directivity in the free field. A comparison of array directivity indicates (for optimal real-valued amplitude shading coefficients) that triaxial and biaxial vector sensors can provide 5 dB of directivity gain over that obtained from an identical array of pressure sensors. The gain varies with the direction the array is steered to. Similarly, multiaxis vector sensors improve a conformal array's signal gain for all array steerings.