Evaluating spatial arrangement for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover (Trifolium sub terraneum L.) intercropping systems
Evaluating spatial arrangement for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover (Trifolium sub terraneum L.) intercropping systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2014.09.003
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Baresel, Joerg Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Campiglia, Enio;Mancinelli, Roberto;Baresel, Joerg Peter
覆盖作物和覆盖物可用于提高冬季谷物种植系统的可持续性。我们在意大利中部进行了为期2年的田间试验，目的是找到一个合适的硬质小麦（Triticum durum Desf.）和亚三叶草（Trifolium subclover L.）作为一个活的覆盖系统，以提供一个高的谷物产量和足够的亚三叶草播种后，小麦收获。试验处理包括：（1）5种种植模式[小麦与三叶草同行混播，行间距15 cm（同一行）; 2行小麦和1行三叶草，行间距离为10 cm（窄行）; 2行小麦和1行三叶草，小麦行之间的距离为10 cm，小麦和三叶草行之间的距离为17.5 cm（宽行）;硬粒小麦单一作物和亚三叶草单一作物，行间距均为15 cm];（ii）两个氮肥水平（0和100 kg ha（-1）N）;（iii）两个杂草管理水平（无杂草和杂草）。窄行间作苜蓿对小麦籽粒产量无明显影响，而同行和宽行间作苜蓿小麦籽粒产量比单作低14%左右。与亚三叶草间作时，小麦是竞争优势的上级物种，其竞争优势更大时，它是接近豆科植物和/或在存在氮肥。小麦的侵略性和亚三叶草种子产量之间有很强的负相关关系。小麦收获后，豆科植物补种是足够的再生覆盖作物在第二年的秋天，无论空间安排，即使密度的亚三叶草幼苗几乎是两倍，在宽行相比，在同一行。虽然间作系统的特点是增加植物密度相比，单一作物（100%的小麦+ 50%的亚三叶草），小麦亚三叶草系统对杂草的竞争能力高于小麦单一作物仅在窄行杂草密度和杂草生物量显着减少观察。在硬粒小麦种植中，苜蓿与小麦之间的适度隔离是一种适宜的空间配置，既能保证小麦产量，又能保证苜蓿播种，还能更有效地控制杂草。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Cover crops and mulches can be used for increasing sustainability in winter cereal cropping systems. We performed a 2-year field experiment in Central Italy with the aim of finding a suitable spatial arrangement for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) as a living mulch system in order to provide a high cereal grain yield and a sufficient subclover reseeding following the wheat harvest. Experimental treatments consisted of: (i) five cropping patterns [wheat and subclover mixed in the same row, with rows 15 cm apart (same row); 2 rows of wheat and I row of subclover at a distance of 10 cm between rows (narrow rows); 2 rows of wheat and 1 row of subclover with a distance of 10 cm between the wheat rows and 17.5 cm between the wheat and subclover rows (wide rows); durum wheat sole crop and subclover sole crop, both in rows 15 cm apart]; (ii) two nitrogen fertilization levels (0 and 100 kg ha(-1) of N); (iii) and two weed management levels (weed-free and weedy). The wheat grain yield was not reduced by the intercropped subclover in narrow rows, while it was around 14% lower in same row and wide rows compared to the one in the pure crop treatment. When intercropped with subclover, wheat was the competitively superior species and its competitive advantage was greater when it was closer to the legume and/or in presence of nitrogen fertilization. A strong negative relationship between wheat aggressivity and subclover seed production was observed. Following the wheat harvest, the legume reseeding was sufficient to regenerate a cover crop in the autumn of the second year regardless the spatial arrangement, even if the density of the subclover seedlings was almost twice in wide rows compared to the one in the same row. Although the intercropped systems were characterized by an increase in plant density compared to the sole crops (100% of wheat + 50% of subclover), the competitive ability of the wheat-subclover system against the weeds was higher than the wheat sole crop only in narrow rows where a significant reduction of both weed density and weed biomass was observed. When the subclover is used as living mulch in durum wheat, a moderate separation between the two species could be a suitable spatial arrangement for obtaining an adequate wheat grain yield, ensuring satisfactory subclover reseeding, controlling the weeds more effectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.