CLIMATE AND EFFICIENCY OF CROP PRODUCTION IN BRITAIN
CLIMATE AND EFFICIENCY OF CROP PRODUCTION IN BRITAIN
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1977.0140
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
MONTEITH, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MONTEITH, JL
作物生产效率在热力学上定义为能量输出（碳水化合物）与能量输入（太阳辐射）之比。温度和水分供应是影响效率的主要气候限制因素。在英国大部分地区，辐射和热量气候均匀，降雨是地区间产量的主要差异因素。大麦、土豆、甜菜和苹果的干物质总产量与截获的辐射密切相关，这些作物每兆焦耳太阳能形成约1.4克碳水化合物，相当于2.4%的效率。因此，英国的作物生长可以根据生长季节截获的光照量以及截获的光照利用效率来分析。截获量取决于叶面积的季节分布，而叶面积又取决于温度和土壤水分供应。这些变量根据发育阶段的速率和持续时间进行讨论。对效率的因子分析表明，英国主要的耕地作物仅截获约40%的年太阳辐射，其通过经济产量提供能量的效率仅约为0.3%。造成这一数字的一些因素已被充分了解，而一些则是不可改变的。需要更多的工作来确定造成平均商业产量和创纪录产量之间巨大差异的因素。
The efficiency of crop production is defined in thermodynamic terms as the ratio of energy output (carbohydrate) to energy input (solar radiation). Temperature and water supply are the main climatic constraints on efficiency. Over most of Britain, the radiation and thermal climates are uniform and rainfall is the main discriminant of yield between regions. Total production of dry matter by barley, potatoes, sugar beet and apples is strongly correlated with intercepted radiation and these crops form carbohydrate at about 1.4 g per MJ solar energy, equivalent to 2.4% efficiency. Crop growth in Britain may therefore be analyzed in terms of the amount of light intercepted during the growing season and the efficiency with which intercepted light is used. The amount intercepted depends on the seasonal distribution of leaf area which, in turn, depends on temperature and soil water supply. These variables are discussed in terms of the rate and duration of development phases. A factorial analysis of efficiency shows that the major arable crops in Britain intercept only about 40% of annual solar radiation and their efficiency for supplying energy through economic yield is only about 0.3%. Some of the factors responsible for this figure are well understood and some are immutable. More work is needed to identify the factors responsible for the large differences between average commercial and record yields.