Nearly Instantaneous Tsunamis Following the Mw 7.5 2018 Palu Earthquake
Nearly Instantaneous Tsunamis Following the Mw 7.5 2018 Palu Earthquake
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DOI：
10.1029/2019gl082578
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
M. Carvajal;Cristian Araya-Cornejo;Ignacio Sepúlveda;D. Melnick;J. Haase
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Carvajal;Cristian Araya-Cornejo;Ignacio Sepúlveda;D. Melnick;J. Haase
2018年帕卢7.5级走滑地震产生的海啸观测结果对海啸灾害评估和预警系统的传统基础提出了挑战。我们分析了38个业余和闭路电视视频的非凡集合，显示帕卢海啸在主震后几分钟内摧毁了帕卢湾周围分散的沿海地区，包括当地潮汐站错过的短于100秒的波浪周期。尽管基于地震和大地测量数据的破裂模型预测了高达5米的海啸，但它们无法解释更高的调查海啸，也无法解释从视频片段重建的海啸波形，这表明这些模型低估了实际的海底变形和/或涉及非构造源。海啸后的海岸线调查结合视频证据和模拟的海啸旅行时间表明，海底滑坡有助于海啸的产生。基于视频的观测对海啸灾害评估、预警系统和风险降低规划具有广泛的影响。
The tsunami observations produced by the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Palu strike‐slip earthquake challenged the traditional basis underlying tsunami hazard assessments and early warning systems. We analyzed an extraordinary collection of 38 amateur and closed circuit television videos to show that the Palu tsunamis devastated widely separated coastal areas around Palu Bay within a few minutes after the mainshock and included wave periods shorter than 100 s missed by the local tide station. Although rupture models based on teleseismic and geodetic data predict up to 5‐m tsunami runups, they cannot explain the higher surveyed runups nor the tsunami waveforms reconstructed from video footage, suggesting either these underestimate actual seafloor deformation and/or that non‐tectonic sources were involved. Post‐tsunami coastline surveys combined with video evidence and modeled tsunami travel times suggest that submarine landslides contributed to tsunami generation. The video‐based observations have broad implications for tsunami hazard assessments, early warning systems, and risk‐reduction planning.