Quantifying the extent of protected‐area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement in Australia
Quantifying the extent of protected‐area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement in Australia
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DOI：
10.1111/cobi.12904
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
C. Cook;Rebecca S. Valkan;Michael B. Mascia;M. McGeoch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Cook;Rebecca S. Valkan;Michael B. Mascia;M. McGeoch
使用保护区总面积作为建设保护区（PA）网络进展的主要指标正受到越来越多的批评。记录巴勒斯坦权力机构网络的全部动态，包括保护方面的得失，为跟踪进展情况提供了一种信息量大得多的方法。为此目的，关于巴勒斯坦权力机构降级、缩编和撤销公报的文件有所增加。对PADDD事件的研究通常没有将这些损失放在保护收益的背景下，因此，它们忽略了PA网络动态的重要因素。为了解决这一限制，我们使用了一种空间上明确的方法来确定每一块土地添加到和切除从澳大利亚陆地PA网络和PA，其保护水平改变了17年（1997年至2014年）。通过使用时间序列数据（九个独立时间步长的空间层）量化PA网络空间配置的变化，我们是第一次对PA网络的动态（面积和保护水平的增加和减少）进行评估，也是第一次对发达国家的PADDD进行全面评估。我们发现，澳大利亚的网络是高度动态的，有5233年的保护面积或级别的变化超过17年。在保护区大幅增加的背景下，我们确定了超过1500起PADDD事件，影响了超过三分之一的网络，这主要是由于保护的广泛降级。我们相信，我们的方法提供了一个机制，通过使用世界保护区数据库的数据，对世界保护区的趋势进行强有力的跟踪。然而，这将需要更大的透明度和改进的数据标准，以报告保护区的变化。
The use of total area protected as the predominant indicator of progress in building protected area (PA) networks is receiving growing criticism. Documenting the full dynamics of PA networks, both in terms of the gains and losses in protection, provides a much more informative approach to tracking progress. To this end, documentation of PA downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) has increased. Studies of PADDD events generally fail to place these losses in the context of gains in protection; therefore, they omit important elements of PA network dynamics. To address this limitation, we used a spatially explicit approach to identify every parcel of land added to and excised from the Australian terrestrial PA network and PAs that had their level of protection changed over 17 years (1997–2014). By quantifying changes in the spatial configuration of the PA network with time‐series data (spatial layers for nine separate time steps), ours is the first assessment of the dynamics (increases and decreases in area and level of protection) of a PA network and the first comprehensive assessment of PADDD in a developed country. We found that the Australian network was highly dynamic; there were 5233 changes in area or level of protection over 17 years. Against a background of enormous increases in area protected, we identified over 1500 PADDD events, which affected over one‐third of the network, which were largely the result of widespread downgrading of protection. We believe our approach provides a mechanism for robust tracking of trends in the world's PAs through the use of data from the World Database on Protected Areas. However, this will require greater transparency and improved data standards in reporting changes to PAs.