Bacteriophage specificity is impacted by interactions between bacteria
Bacteriophage specificity is impacted by interactions between bacteria
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.01177-23
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发表时间：
2024-02-20
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Harcombe，William R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bisesi，Ave T.;Moebius，Wolfram;Harcombe，William R.
捕食者在塑造群落结构、功能和稳定性方面发挥着核心作用。噬菌体捕食者(感染细菌的病毒)进化成单一细菌猎物物种的专家，而不是能够消费多种猎物的多面手，这一程度意味着它们对微生物群落的影响。多种细菌猎物类型的存在和丰富可以改变噬菌体通才的选择，但关于猎物之间的相互作用如何在微生物系统中塑造捕食者的专一性还知之甚少。利用噬菌体和细菌种群的现象学数学模型，我们发现优势噬菌体策略依赖于猎物生态。考虑到通用性的适宜成本，当猎物物种竞争时，多面手捕食者保持优势，而当猎物有义务参与交叉摄食时，专业捕食者占主导地位。我们在一个合成微生物群落中与大肠埃希菌和肠沙门氏菌相互作用，通过竞争一种通用的T5样噬菌体来测试这些预测，该噬菌体能够感染两种猎物对P22vir，ANS。肠道特异性噬菌体。我们的实验数据符合我们的建模预期，当被捕食物种相互竞争或义务互惠时，尽管我们的结果表明，通用性的体外成本是由我们的模型中没有预料到的生物机制的组合造成的。我们的工作表明，细菌之间的相互作用在形成对捕食者专一性的生态选择方面发挥了作用，并强调了适应度权衡的多样性。重要的是，一个噬菌体可以感染多少不同类型的细菌，有很大的自然多样性，但推动这种多样性的机制尚不清楚。这项研究使用数学模型和由大肠杆菌、肠沙门氏菌、一种类似T5的通用噬菌体和专业噬菌体P22病毒组成的体外系统来强调噬菌体专一性和它们潜在的微生物猎物之间的相互作用之间的联系。数学模型表明，相互竞争的细菌倾向于偏爱通用噬菌体，而互惠的细菌倾向于偏爱专业噬菌体。实验结果支持这一普遍结论。实验还表明，最优噬菌体策略受噬菌体降解和细菌生理的影响。这些发现加深了我们对复杂微生物群落如何影响噬菌体特异性选择的理解，这可能会提高我们利用噬菌体管理耐药微生物感染的能力。
Predators play a central role in shaping community structure, function, and stability. The degree to which bacteriophage predators (viruses that infect bacteria) evolve to be specialists with a single bacterial prey species versus generalists able to consume multiple types of prey has implications for their effect on microbial communities. The presence and abundance of multiple bacterial prey types can alter selection for phage generalists, but less is known about how interactions between prey shape predator specificity in microbial systems. Using a phenomenological mathematical model of phage and bacterial populations, we find that the dominant phage strategy depends on prey ecology. Given a fitness cost for generalism, generalist predators maintain an advantage when prey species compete, while specialists dominate when prey are obligately engaged in cross-feeding interactions. We test these predictions in a synthetic microbial community with interacting strains ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaby competing a generalist T5-like phage able to infect both prey against P22vir, anS. enterica-specific phage. Our experimental data conform to our modeling expectations when prey species are competing or obligately mutualistic, although our results suggest that thein vitrocost of generalism is caused by a combination of biological mechanisms not anticipated in our model. Our work demonstrates that interactions between bacteria play a role in shaping ecological selection on predator specificity in obligately lytic bacteriophages and emphasizes the diversity of ways in which fitness trade-offs can manifest.IMPORTANCEThere is significant natural diversity in how many different types of bacteria a bacteriophage can infect, but the mechanisms driving this diversity are unclear. This study uses a combination of mathematical modeling and anin vitrosystem consisting ofEscherichia coli,Salmonella enterica, a T5-like generalist phage, and the specialist phage P22virto highlight the connection between bacteriophage specificity and interactions between their potential microbial prey. Mathematical modeling suggests that competing bacteria tend to favor generalist bacteriophage, while bacteria that benefit each other tend to favor specialist bacteriophage. Experimental results support this general finding. The experiments also show that the optimal phage strategy is impacted by phage degradation and bacterial physiology. These findings enhance our understanding of how complex microbial communities shape selection on bacteriophage specificity, which may improve our ability to use phage to manage antibiotic-resistant microbial infections.