Quantifying the negative impact of brain drain on the integration of European science.
Quantifying the negative impact of brain drain on the integration of European science.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1602232
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Petersen AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doria Arrieta OA;Pammolli F;Petersen AM
与直觉相反的是，通过加入欧盟，新加入国家的科学合作变得不那么国际化了。2004/2007年欧盟（EU）扩大到12个成员国提供了一个独特的机会来量化欧盟努力扩大和整合欧洲研究区（ERA）的科学竞争力的影响。我们将两种因果估计方案应用于从1996年至2012年数百万份学术出版物中提取的跨境合作数据，这些数据被分解为14个学科领域和32个欧洲国家。我们的研究结果说明了2004/2007年扩大后的意外后果，即它对跨境科学合作的负面影响。首先，我们使用综合控制方法表明，尽管2004/2007年欧盟入境者获得了激励跨境一体化的欧盟资源，但如果没有欧盟扩大，欧洲跨境合作的水平会更高。其次，我们实施了差异中的差异面板回归，结合了官方的欧洲内部高技能流动统计数据，以确定移民不平衡-主要是从新进入的欧盟成员国到现有的欧盟成员国-是西欧和东欧跨境一体化分歧的主要因素。这些结果挑战了区域经济一体化政策的核心原则，即统一劳动力市场将增加区域经济一体化政策的国际竞争力，从而引起人们对有效的返乡激励和政策的关注。
Counterintuitively, by joining the European Union, scientific collaboration in entrant countries became less international. The 2004/2007 European Union (EU) enlargement by 12 member states offers a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of EU efforts to expand and integrate the scientific competitiveness of the European Research Area (ERA). We apply two causal estimation schemes to cross-border collaboration data extracted from millions of academic publications from 1996 to 2012, which are disaggregated across 14 subject areas and 32 European countries. Our results illustrate the unintended consequences following the 2004/2007 enlargement, namely, its negative impact on cross-border collaboration in science. First, we use the synthetic control method to show that levels of European cross-border collaboration would have been higher without EU enlargement, despite the 2004/2007 EU entrants gaining access to EU resources incentivizing cross-border integration. Second, we implement a difference-in-difference panel regression, incorporating official intra-European high-skilled mobility statistics, to identify migration imbalance—principally from entrant to incumbent EU member states—as a major factor underlying the divergence in cross-border integration between Western and Eastern Europe. These results challenge central tenets underlying ERA integration policies that unifying labor markets will increase the international competitiveness of the ERA, thereby calling attention to the need for effective home-return incentives and policies.