Major advances associated with the biosynthesis of milk
Major advances associated with the biosynthesis of milk
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72192-0
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lock, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauman, DE;Mather, IH;Lock, AL
乳腺具有令人难以置信的组织水平和将循环营养转化为牛奶成分的非凡能力。本综述强调了牛奶合成生物学中四个高度关注的领域，在过去的四分之一世纪中，这些领域的进展带来了新的理解或揭示了新的机会。首先，在我们的牛奶分泌的机制的理解的进步，导致了我们的知识的细胞内起源的脂滴和牛奶脂肪球膜蛋白的身份和潜在的功能在牛奶中的脂肪分泌的大幅增加。其次，最近的突破已经推进了我们对乳脂的营养调节的理解，并突出了膳食成分、瘤胃消化过程和乳腺乳脂合成调节之间的相互关系。第三，由于消费者意识到饮食与健康之间的联系，营养质量在食品选择中变得越来越重要。牛奶和乳制品的传统营养价值已经得到了很好的认可，但最近的发现已经确定了牛奶中的一些“生物活性”成分，这些成分具有改善人类健康的潜力。最后，基因工程的概念和使用动物作为“生物反应器”以及对牛奶中通常不存在的蛋白质进行“嫁接”得到了认可，乳制品行业非常适合利用这些领域的进步。
The mammary gland has an incredible level of organization and a remarkable ability to convert circulating nutrients into milk components. This review highlights four areas of high interest in the biology of milk synthesis where advances over the last quarter-century have resulted in new understanding or revealed new opportunities. First, advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of milk secretion has led to a substantial increase in our knowledge of the intracellular origin of lipid droplets and the identity and potential function of milk fat globule membrane proteins in milk-lipid secretion. Second, recent breakthroughs have advanced our understanding of the nutritional regulation of milk fat and highlighted the interrelations between dietary components, digestive processes in the rumen, and the regulation of mammary synthesis of milk fat. Third, nutritional quality is becoming increasingly important in food choices because of consumer awareness of the links between diet and health. The traditional nutritional value of milk and dairy products is well established, but recent discoveries have identified a number of "bioactive" components in milk with potential to improve human health. Finally, the concept of genetic engineering and the use of animals as "bioreactors" and the "pharming" of proteins not normally found in milk have gained recognition, with the dairy industry ideally suited to take advantage of advances in these areas.