Rapid and varied responses of songbirds to climate change in California coniferous forests
Rapid and varied responses of songbirds to climate change in California coniferous forests
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108347
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Furnas, Brett J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Furnas, Brett J.
全球气候变化的速度比以前预期的要快。尽管科学家预计对鸟类和其他野生动物的有害影响会累积起来，但对单个物种的影响可能更为复杂。近二十年来，加州鱼类和野生动物部对北方加州37，600公里（2）针叶林中的100多只鸣禽进行了监测，以促进知情的、以科学为基础的保护规划。研究区域占该州所有针叶林的42%。从2002年到2016年，在1065个随机分布的地点使用自主声音记录仪调查鸟类。新热带移民的丰富度下降低于1515米（90%CI：1150-1950米）海拔，而在此阈值以上，由于林业和野火控制树木覆盖的变化后增加。这一发现表明，在新热带移民分布的整体向上移动，以响应每年0.037摄氏度（90%CI：0.029-0.045摄氏度）的平均每日5月温度增加的时间跨度。相反，居民和海拔迁移者可能不太容易受到气温上升的影响，因为海拔变化的证据对他们来说要弱得多或不存在。然而，就个别物种而言，占有率既有下降，也有上升。快速和混合的人口趋势，结合海拔范围的变化，表明鸣禽在适应气候变化和其他压力因素的能力方面差异很大。保护海拔1500米以上的结构复杂和防火能力强的森林对于帮助鸣禽抵御气温上升至关重要。生物多样性监测在大的分类，空间和时间范围内的扩展是有效的保护规划至关重要。
The global climate is changing faster than previously anticipated. Although scientists expect cumulatively deleterious impacts to birds and other wildlife, effects on individual species are likely more complex. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has monitored > 100 songbirds across 37,600 km(2) of Northern California conifer forests for close to two decades to facilitate informed, science-based conservation planning. The study area represents 42% of all conifer forests in the state. Autonomous sound recorders were used to survey birds at 1065 randomly distributed sites from 2002 to 2016. The richness of Neotropical migrants declined below 1515 m (90% CI: 1150-1950 m) elevation whereas it increased above this threshold after controlling for changes in tree cover due to forestry and wildfire. This finding suggests an overall upward shift in Neotropical migrant distributions in response to an annual 0.037 degrees C (90% CI: 0.029-0.045 degrees C) increase in mean daily May temperature during the timespan. Residents and altitudinal migrants may be less vulnerable to increasing temperatures, conversely, as evidence of elevational shifting was much weaker or non-existent for them. Yet for individual species, there were both declines and increases in occupancy. Rapid and mixed population trends, in combination with elevational range shifts, suggest that songbirds vary widely in their capacity to adapt to climate change and other stressors. Conservation of structurally-complex and fire resilient forests above similar to 1500 m elevation is paramount in helping to buffer songbirds against rising temperatures. The expansion of biodiversity monitoring across large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extents is vital to effective conservation planning.