Fusiform function in children with an autism spectrum disorder is a matter of "who".
Fusiform function in children with an autism spectrum disorder is a matter of "who".
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.013
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Redcay, Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pierce, Karen;Redcay, Elizabeth
尽管面部加工对正常社会发展很重要，但自闭症面部加工的功能性磁共振成像研究没有专门聚焦于儿童时期。为了填补这一空白，45名6 - 12岁的儿童参加了练习扫描，因运动问题排除一些儿童后，11名自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童和11名年龄匹配的正常对照组儿童被纳入最终分析。
刺激物包括熟悉的成人、熟悉的儿童、陌生成人、陌生儿童的图片以及物体图片。在扫描过程中，儿童在连续两次试验中看到相同的面部时按下按钮。根据我们之前的研究，我们创建了包括梭状回、杏仁核、前扣带回和后扣带回在内的四个解剖学感兴趣区域（ROI）的模板，并为每个受试者进行手动编辑以提高解剖学精度。在反卷积分析之后，计算每个受试者在每个ROI模板内显著激活的体素数量和信号变化百分比值。
分析显示，自闭症儿童在看到母亲或其他儿童的面部时梭状回活动正常。相比之下，观看陌生成人的面部时则出现严重缺陷，双侧梭状回中显著激活的体素平均数量约为正常发育儿童的25%。
仅对陌生成人面部出现选择性梭状回缺陷可能是在这些情况下注意力和兴趣降低的结果。自闭症中发现的面部加工异常可能不仅仅局限于梭状回。
Despite the importance of face processing for normal social development, no fMRI studies of face processing in autism have focused exclusively on the childhood years. In order to fill that gap, forty-five children between the ages of 6-12 participated in practice scans, and after exclusion due to motion, 11 children with an ASD and 11 age-matched normal controls were included in final analyses. Stimuli consisted of pictures of a familiar adult, familiar child, stranger adult, stranger child, and objects. During the scan, children pressed a button in response to an identical face shown on two consecutive trials. Based on our prior research, masks of four anatomical ROIs including the fusiform gyrus, amygdala, anterior and posterior cingulate were created and manually edited for anatomical precision for each subject. Following deconvolution analyses, the number of voxels significantly active and % signal change values that fell within each ROI mask were calculated for each subject. Analyses revealed normal fusiform activity in children with autism when viewing a face of their mother or other children. In contrast, looking at stranger adult faces initiated profound deficits in that the mean number of significantly active voxels in the fusiform bilaterally was approximately 25% of that shown in typically developing children. A selective fusiform deficit in response only to the faces of adult strangers may be the result of reduced attention and interest during those conditions. Face processing abnormalities found in autism likely exists beyond the fusiform.
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