Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database
Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database
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DOI：
10.2471/blt.07.043489
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rössler, Wulf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta;Weiss, Mitchell G;Rössler, Wulf
目的准确了解自杀者的自杀方式对制定预防自杀的策略和计划十分重要。我们对所使用的方法及其在各国和世界各地区的差异的了解仍然有限。本研究的目的是提供第一个全面的概述国际模式的自杀methods.Methods根据国际疾病分类（第10次修订）编码的数据来自世界卫生组织的死亡率数据库。该分类用于区分自杀方法。对应分析，以确定在不同国家的自杀方法的典型模式，通过提供一个汇总的交叉表data.Findings中毒农药是常见的，在许多亚洲国家和拉丁美洲，药物中毒是常见的北欧国家和英国。在东欧，上吊是首选的自杀方式，在美国，枪支自杀是首选的自杀方式，在中国香港特别行政区等城市和城市社会，从高处跳下自杀也是首选的自杀方式。对应分析显示，农药自杀和枪支自杀之间的两极分化，而传统的自杀方式，如悬挂和从高处跳下，位于两者之间。结论农药自杀和枪支自杀取代了许多国家的传统方式。观察到的自杀模式取决于所用方法的可用性，特别是技术手段的可用性。目前的证据表明，限制获得自杀手段比以往任何时候都更加紧迫，技术上也更加可行。
Objective Accurate information about preferred suicide methods is important for devising strategies and programmes for suicide prevention. Our knowledge of the methods used and their variation across countries and world regions is still limited. The aim of this study was to provide the first comprehensive overview of international patterns of suicide methods.Methods Data encoded according to the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) were derived from the WHO mortality database. The classification was used to differentiate suicide methods. Correspondence analysis was used to identify typical patterns of suicide methods in different countries by providing a summary of cross-tabulated data.Findings Poisoning by pesticide was common in many Asian countries and in Latin America; poisoning by drugs was common in both Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. Hanging was the preferred method of suicide in eastern Europe, as was firearm suicide in the United States and jumping from a high place in cities and urban societies such as Hong Kong Special, Administrative Region, China. Correspondence analysis demonstrated a polarization between pesticide suicide and firearm suicide at the expense of traditional methods, such as hanging and jumping from a high place, which lay in between.Conclusion This analysis showed that pesticide suicide and firearm suicide replaced traditional methods in many countries. The observed suicide pattern depended upon the availability of the methods used, in particular the availability of technical means. The present evidence indicates that restricting access to the means of suicide is more urgent and more technically feasible than ever.