Accrual of widespread rock damage from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
Accrual of widespread rock damage from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
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2019 年里奇克莱斯特地震造成的广泛岩石损坏
DOI：
10.1038/s41561-021-00888-w
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
A. Plesch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alba M. Rodriguez Padilla;M. Oskin;C. Milliner;A. Plesch
地震引起的非弹性过程有助于形成断层破坏带，这些断层破坏带构成应变能的永久汇，改变浅地壳的弹性特性，并放大近场地面震动。对非弹性变形程度的限制因所使用的数据集和方法而异。在这里，我们结合了2019年里奇克雷斯特地震的联合收割机断裂、应变和余震图，以协调不同空间尺度和分辨率下受损区域的特性。非弹性变形随距断层距离的衰减符合反幂律关系，距离断层超过20 km，对岩性和滑动量不敏感。损伤衰减是连续的，没有中断的缩放，这表明一个单一的机制占主导地位的屈服。我们的断裂密度分布的基础上，我们预测的平均减少约20%的基岩和40%的冲积层紧邻断层的剪切刚度，下降到不到1%，在100米。我们的观察揭示了宏观断裂如何产生强烈的近断层损害，以及在多个地震周期中区域性地产生广泛的损害。根据2019年里奇克雷斯特地震的断裂、应变和余震的综合地图，断裂密度随着距离断层的距离不断衰减，导致多个地震周期内区域性广泛破坏。
Inelastic processes from earthquakes contribute to the formation of fault damage zones that constitute a permanent sink of strain energy, modify the elastic properties of the shallow crust and amplify near-field ground shaking. Constraints on the extent of inelastic deformation differ depending on the dataset and methodology used. Here we combine fracture, strain and aftershock maps from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes to reconcile the properties of damage zones across different spatial scales and resolutions. The decay of inelastic deformation with distance from the fault is well described by an inverse power law, extends beyond 20 km from the faults and is insensitive to lithology and slip magnitude. The damage decay is continuous without breaks in scaling, suggesting that a single mechanism dominates yielding. On the basis of our fracture density distribution, we predict an average reduction in shear rigidity of about 20% in bedrock and 40% in alluvium immediately adjacent to the fault, declining to less than 1% at 100 m. Our observations reveal how macroscopic fracturing generates intense near-fault damage and that widespread damage accrues regionally over multiple earthquake cycles. Fracture density decays continuously with distance from the fault resulting in regionally widespread damage over multiple earthquake cycles, according to combined maps of fracture, strain and aftershocks from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Xiaohua Xu;D. Sandwell;L. Ward;C. Milliner;B. Smith‐Konter;P. Fang;Y. Bock
通讯作者：
Xiaohua Xu;D. Sandwell;L. Ward;C. Milliner;B. Smith‐Konter;P. Fang;Y. Bock
2019 年南加州里奇克莱斯特地震序列沿地表破裂的机载激光雷达和光电图像
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Hudnut, Kenneth W.;Brooks, Benjamin A.;Scharer, Katherine;Hernandez, Janis L.;Dawson, Timothy E.;Oskin, Michael E.;Ramon Arrowsmith, J.;Goulet, Christine A.;Blake, Kelly;Boggs, Matthew L.
通讯作者：
Boggs, Matthew L.
影响因子：
18.3
作者：
Fialko, Yuri;Jin, Zeyu
通讯作者：
Jin, Zeyu