Apoptotic mechanisms in the immature brain: involvement of mitochondria.

Apoptotic mechanisms in the immature brain: involvement of mitochondria.
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DOI:
10.1177/0883073809338212
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发表时间:
2009-09
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Xiaoyang Wang
Xiaoyang Wang
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hagberg H;Mallard C;Rousset CI;Xiaoyang Wang

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缺氧缺血性脑病后的脑损伤通常会延迟出现,从而打开治疗窗口。新生儿的临床研究表明,缺氧缺血后低温可改善预后。这引起了人们对缺氧缺血性脑损伤的分子机制的新的兴趣。在这篇简短的综述中,我们提出线粒体透化对于损伤的发展是至关重要的。我们认为,兴奋性氨基酸,一氧化氮,炎症,营养因子的退出,并增加亲与抗凋亡Bcl-2蛋白的比例将触发线粒体外膜透化(MOMP)依赖性。MOMP,反过来,eliminates线粒体释放细胞色素C,凋亡诱导因子,SMAC/Diablo,和HtrA 2/Omi。细胞色素C流出激活caspase-9/-3,导致DNA片段化。凋亡诱导因子与亲环素A相互作用并诱导染色质溶解。阻断MOMP有望成为围产期脑保护的一种策略。
Brain injury after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy often develops with delayed appearance, opening a therapeutic window. Clinical studies in newborns show that post-hypoxic-ischemic hypothermia improves outcome. This has generated renewed interest in the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. In this brief review, we propose that mitochondrial permeabilization is crucial for injury to advance beyond the point of no return. We suggest that excitatory amino acids, nitric oxide, inflammation, trophic factor withdrawal, and an increased pro- versus anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein ratio will trigger Bax-dependent mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). MOMP, in turn, elicits mitochondrial release of cytochrome C, apoptosis-inducing factor, SMAC/Diablo, and HtrA2/Omi. Cytochrome C efflux activates caspase-9/-3, leading to DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis-inducing factor interacts with cyclophilin A and induces chromatinolysis. Blockage of MOMP holds promise as a strategy for perinatal brain protection.
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