Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure fails to extract oxoanion-forming elements that are extracted by municipal solid waste leachates
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure fails to extract oxoanion-forming elements that are extracted by municipal solid waste leachates
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DOI：
10.1021/es980151q
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Simmons, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hooper, K;Iskander, M;Simmons, B
美国环保署和州监管机构依靠标准提取测试来识别可能污染地表水或地下水的废物。为了评估这些提取试验的预测能力，毒性特征浸出程序（TCLP），废物提取试验（WET），和合成沉淀浸出程序（SPLP）进行了比较，与实际的城市固体废物浸出液（MSWLs）的能力，从各种工业固体废物中提取管制元素的短期和长期提取。短期（18和48小时）提取使用来自各种加州垃圾填埋场的MSWL。长期连续提取（48-84天）模拟长期浸出，可能会发生在城市固体废物填埋场。对于大多数受管制的元素，TCLP大致预测提取的最大浓度：由MSWLs。对于形成含氧阴离子的受管制元素（例如，Sb、As、Mo、Se、V），但TCLP低估了MSWL提取的水平。没有一个标准测试能充分预测这些水平。研究结果强调，需要更好的标准化技术，以确定有可能污染地下水的含氧阴离子形成元素，特别是砷的废物。
U.S. EPA and state regulatory agencies rely on standard extraction tests to identify wastes that have the potential to contaminate surface water or groundwater. To evaluate the predictive abilities of these extraction tests, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), the Waste Extraction Test (WET), and the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) were compared with actual municipal solid waste leachates (MSWLs) for their ability to extract regulated elements from a variety of industrial solid wastes in short- and long-term extractions. Shortterm (18 and 48 h) extractions used MSWLs from a variety of California landfills. Long-term sequential extractions (48-84 days) simulated longer term leaching, as might occur in MSW landfills. For most regulated elements, the TCLP roughly predicted the maximum concentrations extracted : by the MSWLs. For regulated elements that form oxoanions (e.g., Sb, As, Mo, Se, V), however the TCLP underpredicted the levels extracted by the MSWL. None of the standard tests adequately predicted these levels. The results emphasize the need for better standardized techniques to identify wastes that have the potential to contaminate groundwater with oxoanion-forming elements, particularly arsenic.