A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization.
A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0029333
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
von der Heydt, Ruediger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wagemans, Johan;Elder, James H.;Kubovy, Michael;Palmer, Stephen E.;Peterson, Mary A.;Singh, Manish;von der Heydt, Ruediger
1912年，马克斯·韦特海默发表了他的论文《Phi运动》，被广泛认为是格式塔心理学的开端。由于它在现代心理学中的持续相关性，今年的百年纪念是一个极好的机会来评估格式塔心理学提供了什么，以及它自成立以来发生了怎样的变化。我们首先介绍了格式塔心理学柏林学派的主要发现和思想，然后简要概述了格式塔心理学的发展、兴起和衰落。接下来，我们讨论了它的经验和概念问题，并指出这些问题是如何在当代关于知觉分组和图形-背景组织的研究中解决的。特别是，我们回顾了分组的原则，包括经典的(例如，接近、相似、共同的命运、良好的延续、闭合、对称、并行)和新的(例如，同步、公共区域、元素和均匀连通性)，以及它们在轮廓整合和完成中的作用。然后，我们回顾了传统的和新的基于图像的图形-背景组织原则，它是如何受到过去的经验和注意力的影响的，以及它是如何与形状和深度知觉相关的。在综合回顾了轮廓分组、边界所有权和图形-背景知觉所涉及的神经机制之后，我们总结了现代视觉科学与传统格式塔心理学相比所提供的东西，我们是否可以谈论格式塔的复兴，以及剩余的限制和挑战在哪里。要更好地将这一研究传统与视觉科学的其他部分结合起来，就需要在格式塔方法的概念和理论基础方面取得进一步进展，这将是第二篇审查论文的重点。
In 1912, Max Wertheimer published his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure-ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border-ownership, and figure-ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which will be the focus of a second review paper.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
通讯作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
影响因子：
25
作者：
Alais, D;Blake, R;Lee, SH
通讯作者：
Lee, SH
影响因子：
3
作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
通讯作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Barenholtz, Elan;Feldman, Jacob
通讯作者：
Feldman, Jacob
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
ATTNEAVE, F;ARNOULT, MD
通讯作者：
ARNOULT, MD