Compensatory Justice The Question of Costs
Compensatory Justice The Question of Costs
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补偿性正义 成本问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Amdur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Amdur
补偿正义的充分理论应该包括对一系列问题的回答，首先，谁将得到补偿，他们应该得到多少？第二，赔偿费用应由谁支付，每人支付多少？在关于优先雇用、反向歧视和平权行动的文献中，第一组问题比第二组问题受到更多的关注。有几位作者主张在不考虑补偿成本的情况下给予优惠待遇，这表明成本的分配不是一个主要问题，或者问题的解决方案太明显，不需要讨论。另一些国家则在详细和严格审查了谁应得到补偿之后，简要地讨论了谁应支付的问题。当这些作者讨论到成本分配问题时，其他一切问题，包括适当的补偿方式，都已经决定了，此时，剩下的选择已经很少：补偿方式决定了负担将如何分配。我想指出的是，谁应该支付是一个根本问题。它太重要了，不能推迟到有关补偿性正义的其他问题得到解决之后。在本文的第一部分，笔者提出了三个原则，旨在规范赔偿费用的分配。在第一部分和第一百一十一部分，我问的是，这些原则是否可以通过涉及对黑人和妇女的优惠待遇的计划来满足。
N ADEQUATE THEORY O F compensatory justice should include answers to sets of questions, First, who is to receive compensation, and how much should they receive? Second, who should pay the costs of compensation, and how much should each pay? In the literature on preferential hiring, reverse discrimination, and affirmative action, the first set of questions has received far more attention than the second. Several writers have argued in favor of preferential treatment without considering the costs ofcompensation at all-suggesting either that the distribution of costs is not a major issue or that the solution to the problem is too obvious to require discussion. Others have dealt with the question of who should pay, but only briefly, after detailed and rigorous examinations of who should be compensated. By the time these writers reach the question of distribution of costs, everything else, including the proper mode of compensation, has been decided on. At this point, there are very few options left: the mode of compensation determines how the burden will be distributed. I want to suggest that the question of who should pay is a fundamental one. I t is too important to be postponed untilafter the rest of the problems concerning compensatory justice have been settled. In Part I of this essay, I put forward three principles intended to regulate distribution of the costs of compensation. In Parts I1 and 111, I ask whether these principles can be satisfied by programs involving preferential treatment for blacks and women.