Some Like It Hot
Some Like It Hot
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DOI：
10.1159/000520270
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
A. Egesten;H. Herwald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Egesten;H. Herwald
今年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予David Julius和Ardem Patapoutian，以表彰他们在探索传感热、冷和机械力的分子基础方面所做的工作。尽管这两位诺贝尔奖得主的研究根本不涉及先天免疫系统，但涉及到一些共同的方面。例如，使用感受器来感知热、冷和触摸将允许有机体与其环境相互作用，并在出现危险情况时发出警报。虽然David Julius和Ardem Patapoutian的研究针对的是外部环境，但在生物体内，先天免疫系统也起着同样的作用。此外，在这里，感受热量是一个重要的参数，罗马百科全书学家奥勒斯·科尼利厄斯·塞尔苏斯在2000多年前就已经发现了这一点。他指出，体温升高是炎症的四个主要标志之一，除了卡路里(温暖)、疼痛(疼痛)、肿瘤(肿胀)和红肿(1)。这一期的《天然免疫杂志》是另一个强调温度变化在我们与传染病作斗争中非常重要的例子。例如，Gabarin等人的评论文章。[2]正在讨论细胞内和细胞外脂多糖信号在脓毒症中的作用。值得注意的是，脓毒症是一种威胁生命的疾病，其特征是体温升高[3]，这通常是全身炎症反应的迹象，例如，细胞因子风暴[4-6]。除了败血症，过敏反应也会影响体温。特别是，在这些过程中已经描述了嗜酸性粒细胞[7]。在这一期中，罗等人。[8]说明鞭毛蛋白通过调节氧化应激来稳定嗜酸性粒细胞，从而减轻呼吸道过敏反应。嗜酸性粒细胞最近引起了相当大的关注，因为在许多其他功能中，它们可以用作慢性阻塞性肺疾病的生物标记物[9]，并参与脂肪组织的炎症[10]。同样，病毒感染也会引发许多病理免疫反应，包括发烧。Odoardi等人。[11]他们在本期发表文章中报道，在病毒感染中，IL27在Toll样受体7(TLR7)和TLR8反应中具有重要的免疫调节作用。尽管许多其他研究表明白介素类和TLRs在引起感染性疾病的全身性炎症中起关键作用[12-14]，但作者首次描述了TLR8在应对单链RNA病毒中的重要作用，因此，他们提供了关于髓系细胞TLR介导的反应在病毒感染过程中如何调节的洞察力[11]。另一个例子是BAM15，一种线粒体原载体解偶联剂，由Dang等人研究。[15]。值得注意的是，线粒体解偶联分子参与了体温调节和跨膜质子通量。Dang等人。[15]在他们的研究中发现，Bam15可以减轻内毒素治疗小鼠的炎症反应。
This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their work on exploring the molecular basis for sensing heat, cold, and mechanical force. Though the research by the two Nobel Laureates is not at all dealing with the innate immune system, there are a number of common aspects involved. For instance, using receptors for sensing heat, cold, and touch will allow an organism to interact with its environment and alert if there is a dangerous situation. While the research of David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian addresses the exterior environment, the innate immune system is serving the same purpose inside an organism. Also, here, sensing heat is an essential parameter as already discovered by the Roman encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus more than 2,000 years ago. He identified an increase in the body temperature as one of the four cardinal signs of inflammation, which are, apart from calor (warmth), also dolor (pain), tumor (swelling), and rubor (redness) [1]. This issue of Journal of Innate Immunity is yet another example underlining that changes in temperature are of great importance in our fight against infectious diseases. For instance, the review article by Gabarin et al. [2] is addressing the role of intracellular and extracellular lipopolysaccharide signaling in sepsis. Notably, sepsis, a lifethreatening condition, is characterized by an increased body temperature [3], which is often a sign of systemic inflammatory reactions that can be caused, for instance, by a cytokine storm [4–6]. In addition to sepsis, also allergic reactions can influence the body temperature. In particular, eosinophils have been described in these processes [7]. In this issue, Luo et al. [8] illustrate that flagellin can alleviate airway allergic response by stabilizing eosinophils by modulating oxidative stress. Eosinophils have recently attracted considerable attention as, among many other functions, they can be used as biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [9] and are involved in adipose tissue inflammation [10]. Likewise, also viral infections can trigger many pathological immune responses, including fever. Odoardi et al. [11] report in their article, published in this issue, that IL27 has an important immunomodulatory role in Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 responses in viral infection. Though many other studies have shown that interleukins and TLRs are critical in evoking systemic inflammation in infectious diseases [12–14], the authors describe for the first time a prominent role for TLR8 in responding to ssRNA viruses and, therefore, they provide insight into how myeloid cell TLR-mediated responses are regulated during virus infection [11]. Another example is BAM15, a mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler, that was studied by Dang et al. [15]. Notably, mitochondrial uncouplers are involved in the thermoregulation and proton flux across membranes. Dang et al. [15] found in their study that Bam15 can attenuate inflammatory reaction in mice treated with the lipopolysaccharide.