De novo motor learning of a bimanual control task over multiple days of practice
De novo motor learning of a bimanual control task over multiple days of practice
复制标题
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00474.2021
复制
发表时间：
2022-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kita，Kahori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haith，Adrian M.;Yang，Christopher S.;Kita，Kahori
虽然许多关于运动学习的研究都集中在我们如何调整自己的动作以在受到干扰的情况下保持表现，但在许多情况下，我们必须从头开始或从头开始学习新的技能。与适应相比，人们对从头学习的了解相对较少。在一定程度上，这是因为学习一项新技能可能涉及许多挑战，包括学习识别新的感觉输入模式和产生新的运动输出模式。然而，即使有熟悉的感官提示和熟练的动作，快速选择适合当前状态的动作的问题也是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们设计了一个双手到光标的双向映射来隔离这个控制问题。我们发现，参与者最初在这种双手映射下很难控制光标，尽管他们对该映射有明确的了解。然而，在多天的练习中，成绩稳步提高。参与者在回到真实光标时没有表现出任何后遗症，这证实了参与者是从头开始学习新任务的，而不是通过适应。最初对目标运动中期扰动的纠正性反应较弱，但随着练习，参与者逐渐能够对扰动做出快速而有力的反应。经过4天的练习，参与者在双手映射下的行为几乎与使用真实映射光标的行为相匹配。然而，在表现水平上仍然存在微小但持续的差异。我们的发现说明了学习新控制器的动力学和局限性，并介绍了一种有希望的范式，用于更容易地研究运动技能学习的这一方面。NEW&NOTEWORTHY我们研究了一项新任务中的运动学习，在该任务中，参与者必须通过非直观的界面使用双手控制屏幕上的光标。参与者在多次练习中逐渐提高了控制光标的能力，但即使在4天后，他们的控制能力也比基线差。这些结果揭示了从头学习的时间尺度和局限性--这是一种重要但未被充分研究的学习形式。
Although much research on motor learning has focused on how we adapt our movements to maintain performance in the face of imposed perturbations, in many cases, we must learn new skills from scratch or de novo. Compared with adaptation, relatively little is known about de novo learning. In part, this is because learning a new skill can involve many challenges, including learning to recognize new patterns of sensory input and generate new patterns of motor output. However, even with familiar sensory cues and well-practiced movements, the problem of quickly selecting the appropriate actions in response to the current state is challenging. Here, we devised a bimanual hand-to-cursor mapping that isolates this control problem. We find that participants initially struggled to control the cursor under this bimanual mapping, despite explicit knowledge of the mapping. Performance improved steadily over multiple days of practice, however. Participants exhibited no aftereffects when reverting to a veridical cursor, confirming that participants learned the new task de novo, rather than through adaptation. Corrective responses to mid-movement perturbations of the target were initially weak, but with practice, participants gradually became able to respond rapidly and robustly to perturbations. After 4 days of practice, participants’ behavior under the bimanual mapping almost matched performance using a veridically mapped cursor. However, there remained a small but persistent difference in performance level. Our findings illustrate the dynamics and limitations of learning a novel controller and introduce a promising paradigm for tractably investigating this aspect of motor skill learning.NEW & NOTEWORTHYWe examine motor learning in a novel task in which participants must use both hands to control an on-screen cursor via a nonintuitive interface. Participants gradually improved their ability to control the cursor over multiple practice sessions, but their control was worse than baseline even after 4 days. These results reveal the timescale and limitations of de novo learning—an important but understudied form of learning.