Data hiding in inter and intra prediction modes of H.264/AVC
Data hiding in inter and intra prediction modes of H.264/AVC
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DOI：
10.1109/iscas.2008.4542095
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发表时间：
2008-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chia-Hsiung Liu;O. Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chia-Hsiung Liu;O. Chen
在H. 264/AVC中，采用多种块类型来进行帧间和帧内编码，以确定最佳块类型来实现良好的编码效率。因此，水印数据可以被有效地嵌入到这些块类型中，这些块类型被分类为表示"1"、"0"和无数据的三个组。在帧间编码中，16times16、8times8和4times4的块类型表示水印比特"1"，并且16 times8、8times16、8times4和4times8的块类型表示水印比特"0"。在帧内编码中，8 × 8的块类型是水印位"1"，16 × 16和4 × 4的块类型表示水印位"0"。帧间和帧内编码中的其他块类型被视为无数据。在上述分组中，分别采用同一组和不同组中块类型的分层和交织相关性，以最大限度地减少性能失真。特别地，每个帧还由水印区域预定义，以保持编码性能并增加水印鲁棒性。计算机仿真结果表明，该水印算法能够在不降低图像质量的情况下，以较小的比特率有效地隐藏数据。
In H.264/AVC, many block types are employed to conduct inter and intra coding for determining the best one to achieve good coding efficiency. Accordingly, watermark data can be effectively embedded in these block types that are classified into three groups representing '1,' '0' and no datum. In inter coding, the block types of 16times16, 8times8 and 4times4 represent the watermark bit '1,' and the block types of 16 times 8, 8 times16, 8times4 and 4times8 denote the watermark bit '0.' In intra coding, the block type of 8 times 8 is the watermark bit '1,' and the block types of 16 times16 and 4times4 represent the watermark bit '0.' Other block types in inter and intra coding are treated as no datum. In the abovementioned grouping, the hierarchical and interleaving correlations of block types in the same and different groups, respectively, are adopted to minimize the performance distortion. Particularly, each frame is also pre-defined by a watermarking area to preserve coding performance and increase watermarking robustness. The computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme can effectively hide data at a little increasing bit rate and almost no quality degradation.