ON PHYLOGENETIC TESTS OF IRREVERSIBLE EVOLUTION
ON PHYLOGENETIC TESTS OF IRREVERSIBLE EVOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00505.x
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Igic, Boris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goldberg, Emma E.;Igic, Boris
“多洛定律”指出，在丧失之后，一个复杂的特征不能以相同的方式重新进化。尽管这项法律之前已经声名狼藉，但它直到最近才受到统计系统学方法的挑战。我们使用不可逆二元性的模拟研究来表明，基于转移率约束的似然比检验或祖先状态重建的Dollo定律的拒绝经常是不正确的。我们确定了错误的两个主要原因：根状态频率的错误分配，以及忽略了特征状态对物种形成和灭绝速度的影响。我们的发现并不一定推翻声称发生逆转的系统发育研究的结论，但我们展示了作为所有此类研究基础的方法中的毁灭性缺陷。此外，我们还表明，通过使用适当的现有模型和模型选择程序，可以减少对Dollo定律的错误拒绝。更强大的不可逆性测试需要现有分类群的系统发育和特征状态以外的数据，我们强调合并了额外信息的经验工作。
"Dollo's law" states that, following loss, a complex trait cannot reevolve in an identical manner. Although the law has previously fallen into disrepute, it has only recently been challenged with statistical phylogenetic methods. We employ simulation studies of an irreversible binary character to show that rejections of Dollo's law based on likelihood-ratio tests of transition rate constraints or on reconstructions of ancestral states are frequently incorrect. We identify two major causes of errors: incorrect assignment of root state frequencies, and neglect of the effect of the character state on rates of speciation and extinction. Our findings do not necessarily overturn the conclusions of phylogenetic studies claiming reversals, but we demonstrate devastating flaws in the methods that are the foundation of all such studies. Furthermore, we show that false rejections of Dollo's law can be reduced by the use of appropriate existing models and model selection procedures. More powerful tests of irreversibility require data beyond phylogenies and character states of extant taxa, and we highlight empirical work that incorporates additional information.