Metformin attenuated the autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in animal models of multiple sclerosis.

Metformin attenuated the autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in animal models of multiple sclerosis.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.0803563
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发表时间:
2009-06-15
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Giri S
Giri S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nath N;Khan M;Paintlia MK;Singh I;Hoda MN;Giri S

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实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎 (EAE) 是一种 T 细胞介导的中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病。二甲双胍是最广泛使用的糖尿病药物,通过激活 AMP 激活蛋白激酶 (AMPK) 介导其作用。我们提供的证据表明,二甲双胍通过限制单核细胞浸润至 CNS、下调促炎细胞因子(IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17 和诱导型 NO 合酶 (iNOS))、细胞粘附分子、基质金属蛋白酶 9 和趋化因子 (RANTES) 的表达来减弱 EAE 的诱导。此外,经二甲双胍治疗的 EAE 动物中枢神经系统的 AMPK 活性和脂质变化(总磷脂和游离脂肪酸)得以恢复,这表明 AMPK 可能参与其中。二甲双胍激活巨噬细胞中的 AMPK,从而抑制磷脂和中性脂质的生物合成,并下调内毒素 (LPS) 诱导的促炎细胞因子及其介质(iNOS 和环氧合酶 2)的表达。它还减弱了 RAW267.4 细胞中 IFN-γ 和 IL-17 诱导的 iNOS 和环氧合酶 2 的表达,进一步支持了其抗炎特性。二甲双胍抑制 T 细胞介导的免疫反应,包括 Ag 特异性回忆反应和 Th1 或 Th17 细胞因子的产生,同时诱导治疗 EAE 动物的脾细胞中 IL-10 的产生。总而言之,这些发现表明二甲双胍可能对治疗多发性硬化症和其他炎症性疾病具有潜在的治疗价值。
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the CNS. Metformin is the most widely used drug for diabetes and mediates its action via activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We provide evidence that metformin attenuates the induction of EAE by restricting the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the CNS, down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS)), cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and chemokine (RANTES). Furthermore, the AMPK activity and lipids alterations (total phospholipids and in free fatty acids) were restored by metformin treatment in the CNS of treated EAE animals, suggesting the possible involvement of AMPK. Metformin activated AMPK in macrophages and thereby inhibited biosynthesis of phospholipids as well as neutral lipids and also down-regulated the expression of endotoxin (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines and their mediators (iNOS and cyclooxygenase 2). It also attenuated IFN-γ and IL-17-induced iNOS and cyclooxygenase 2 expression in RAW267.4 cells, further supporting its anti-inflammatory property. Metformin inhibited T cell-mediated immune responses including Ag-specific recall responses and production of Th1 or Th17 cytokines, while it induced the generation of IL-10 in spleen cells of treated EAE animals. Altogether these findings reveal that metformin may have a possible therapeutic value for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory diseases.
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