The Price of the Ticket: Health Costs of Upward Mobility among African Americans
The Price of the Ticket: Health Costs of Upward Mobility among African Americans
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17041179
复制
发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Asher, Antonia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hudson, Darrell;Sacks, Tina;Asher, Antonia
越来越多的文献表明，在美国黑人中，向上层社会流动的健康回报正在减少。由于历史上的政策和实践，对美国黑人来说，向上的社会流动往往是一个艰难而孤立的过程，尤其是当他们在白人主导的教育和工作环境中挣扎时。本文以几种有意义和创新的方式推进了文献。本文的目标是提供向上社会流动的健康成本的定性说明，并描述这些成本如何在社会经济资源水平更高的情况下减少健康回报。本研究的数据收集方法为焦点小组和调查。这项研究的纳入标准是，受访者被认定为非裔美国人或黑人，年龄在24岁或以上，并完成了大学学业。总共有32名受过大学教育的黑人男性（n = 12）和女性（n = 20）。男性的平均年龄为39岁（范围为26-50岁），女性为33岁（范围为24-59岁）。本文强调的主要发现包括：(1)超可见性和随后的警惕性；(2)上拔应力；(3)与社会流动性相关的医疗成本。这些压力源的总和被认为会影响多种健康结果，并阐明健康的社会经济回报减少的机制。
There is a growing literature that has documented diminishing health returns on upward social mobility among Black Americans. Due to historical policies and practices, upward social mobility is often an arduous, isolating process for Black Americans, especially as they navigate predominately white educational and workplace settings. This paper advances the literature in several meaningful and innovative ways. The goal of this paper is to provide a qualitative account of the health costs of upward social mobility and describe how these costs could diminish health returns despite greater levels of socioeconomic resources. Focus groups and surveys were the data collection methods for the study. Inclusion criteria for the study were that respondents identified as African American or Black, were 24 years or older and had completed college. The total sample was 32 college-educated Black men (n = 12) and women (n = 20). The mean age for men was 39 (range = 26-50) and 33 years of age (range = 24-59) for women. Key findings highlighted in this paper include (1) hypervisibility and subsequent vigilance; (2) uplift stress; and (3) health costs associated with social mobility. The sum of these stressors is posited to affect multiple health outcomes and elucidate the mechanisms through which socioeconomic returns on health are diminished.