Interplay of competition and facilitation in grazing succession by migrant Serengeti herbivores

Interplay of competition and facilitation in grazing succession by migrant Serengeti herbivores
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塞伦盖蒂迁徙食草动物放牧演替过程中竞争与促进的相互作用

DOI:
10.1126/science.adg0744
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
影响因子:
56.9
通讯作者:
Anderson T
Anderson T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anderson T

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竞争,促进和捕食提供了替代的解释迁移食草动物的演替模式。然而,这些相互作用是难以衡量的,留下的不确定性机制的基础机构的大小依赖放牧,甚至是否发生演替。我们使用的数据从8年的相机陷阱调查,GPS项圈的食草动物,粪便DNA metabarcoding分析的时间,到达顺序,并在塞伦盖蒂国家公园迁徙食草动物之间的相互作用。时间放牧演替的特点是由一个“推拉”的动态:竞争性放牧推动斑马提前共同迁移角马,而这些大型移民的草消费吸引尾随,小身体的瞪羚,受益于便利化。涉及强烈野火和降雨的“自然实验”分别破坏和加强了这些影响。我们的研究结果突出了促进和竞争力量之间的平衡,共同调节大规模有蹄类动物的迁移。
Competition, facilitation, and predation offer alternative explanations for successional patterns of migratory herbivores. However, these interactions are difficult to measure, leaving uncertainty about the mechanisms underlying body-size-dependent grazing—and even whether succession occurs at all. We used data from an 8-year camera-trap survey, GPS-collared herbivores, and fecal DNA metabarcoding to analyze the timing, arrival order, and interactions among migratory grazers in Serengeti National Park. Temporal grazing succession is characterized by a “push-pull” dynamic: Competitive grazing nudges zebra ahead of co-migrating wildebeest, whereas grass consumption by these large-bodied migrants attracts trailing, small-bodied gazelle that benefit from facilitation. “Natural experiments” involving intense wildfires and rainfall respectively disrupted and strengthened these effects. Our results highlight a balance between facilitative and competitive forces in co-regulating large-scale ungulate migrations.
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