From commensalism to mutualism: integrating the microbial ecology, building science, and indoor air communities to advance research on the indoor microbiome.
From commensalism to mutualism: integrating the microbial ecology, building science, and indoor air communities to advance research on the indoor microbiome.
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从共生到共生：整合微生物生态学、建筑科学和室内空气群落，推进室内微生物组研究。
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
M. Waring
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作者：
B. Stephens;R. Adams;S. Bhangar;K. Bibby;M. Waring
世界各地的人们大部分时间都在室内度过，与物质表面和室内空气中悬浮的不同微生物群落共存。 DNA 测序技术的进步允许对环境样本中的分类标记基因（例如细菌 16S rRNA 和真菌 ITS）和宏基因组 DNA 进行快速、高通量的表征，使得探索室内环境中微生物多样性和丰度各个方面的研究数量急剧增加（Kelley 和 Gilbert，2013 年；Konya 和 Scott，2014 年； 佩西亚等人，2011；拉莫斯和斯蒂芬斯，2014）。与基于培养或化学标记的技术相比，基于 DNA 的新方法可以更深入地了解环境样本中微生物群落的结构（即稀有和丰富生物体的相对比例）和组成（即类群的系统发育结构）。最近对室内环境的调查——其中许多是由阿尔弗雷德·P·斯隆基金会建筑环境微生物学项目 (MoBE) 的研究资助发起的——对我们生活和工作空间内的表面和空气中的微生物群落进行了表征，强调建筑物没有明显的霉菌或潮湿问题。调查的环境包括办公室和其他商业建筑、大学教室、医疗设施、家庭、公共卫生间和交通设施。这组研究得出了几项重要发现：
People throughout the world spend most of their time indoors, cohabitating with diverse microbial communities both on material surfaces and suspended in the indoor air. Advances in DNA sequencing techniques that allow rapid, high-throughput characterization of taxonomic marker genes (e.g., bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS) and metagenomic DNA from environmental samples have enabled a sharp increase in the number of studies exploring various aspects of microbial diversity and abundance in indoor environments (Kelley and Gilbert, 2013; Konya and Scott, 2014; Peccia et al., 2011; Ramos and Stephens, 2014). Compared to culturing or chemical-marker based techniques, the new DNA-based methods provide a deeper insight into the structure (i.e., relative proportions of rare and abundant organisms) and composition (i.e., the phylogenetic structure of taxa) of microbial communities in environmental samples. Recent investigations in indoor environments—many of which have been initiated with research funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation’s program on the Microbiology of the Built Environment (MoBE)—have characterized microbial communities on surfaces and in air within the spaces in which we live and work, emphasizing buildings without obvious mold or moisture problems. Environments investigated include offices and other commercial buildings, university classrooms, healthcare facilities, homes, public restrooms and transportation settings. Several key findings have resulted from this group of studies: