Validation of Cramer's defense mechanism manual for the TAT
Validation of Cramer's defense mechanism manual for the TAT
复制标题
克莱默 TAT 防御机制手册的验证
DOI：
10.1207/s15327752jpa6302_1
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
P. Sloan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hibbard;L. Farmer;C. Wells;Eduardo Difillipo;W. Barry;R. Korman;P. Sloan
29个连续入院的急性精神病病房的VA医院和40名大学本科生给予组管理的六个主题统觉测验（达特：默里，1943年）卡。根据Cramer的防御机制手册（1990年），对三种类型的防御进行了编码：否认，投射和识别。否认被认为是最原始的。“而身份识别应该是其中最不原始的一种。每一种都可以在七个级别上进行编码，这些级别也从更原始到更成熟的防御类型不等。精神病患者都使用更原始的防御类型（更多的否认和投射，更少的识别），并且在类型内，使用更高比例的低水平（原始）防御。这些结果被认为是为克莱默的手册提供了有效性，该手册来自一个与她的实验室无关的研究小组。还讨论了可靠性问题。
Twenty-nine successive admissions to an acute psychiatric ward of a VA hospital and 40 college undergraduates were given group administrations of six Thematic Apperception Test (TAT: Murray, 1943) cards. The written responses were coded according to Cramer's defense mechanism manual (1990), which codes three types of defense: Denial, Projection, and Identification. Denial is supposed to be the most "primitive." and Identification is supposed to be the least primitive of these. Each is codable on seven levels, which also range from more primitive to more mature types of defense. The psychiatric patients both used more primitive types of defense (more Denial and Projection, less Identification) and within types, used a higher percentage of lower level (primitive) defenses. The results are viewed as providing validity for Cramer's manual from a research team unaffiliated with her lab. Reliability issues are also discussed.