Perspective: Differential dynamic microscopy extracts multi-scale activity in complex fluids and biological systems
Perspective: Differential dynamic microscopy extracts multi-scale activity in complex fluids and biological systems
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DOI：
10.1063/1.5001027
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发表时间：
2017-09-21
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Cicuta, Pietro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cerbino, Roberto;Cicuta, Pietro
差分动态显微镜（DDM）是一种利用光学显微镜获得动态样品的局部、多尺度定量信息的技术，在大多数情况下无需用户干预。它在理解液体悬浮液、软质材料、细胞和组织的动力学方面被证明是非常有用的。在DDM中，通过结合图像差分和空间傅里叶变换对图像序列进行分析，获得与光散射技术等效的信息。与光散射相比，DDM具有明显的优势，主要是：(a)设置简单；(b)消除沿光路的静态贡献的可能性；(c)同时不同显微对比机制的功率；(d)选择分析区域的灵活性，类似于散射体积。对于许多问题，与分割/跟踪方法和相关技术（如粒子图像测速）相比，DDM也具有优势。非常直接的DDM方法，最初是用水状胶体的明场显微镜来证明的，最近被用于探测各种其他复杂流体和生物系统，使用许多不同的成像方法，包括暗场、微分干涉对比、宽视场、光片和共聚焦显微镜。采用群体的数量正在迅速增加，应用程序也在迅速增加。在此，我们简要回顾了DDM的工作原理，重点介绍了其优点和局限性，概述了最近的实验突破，并对未来的挑战和方向提出了展望。DDM可以成为每个配备显微镜的实验室的标准主要工具，至少可以作为系统动力学的第一个无偏差自动评估。AIP出版社出版。
Differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) is a technique that exploits optical microscopy to obtain local, multi-scale quantitative information about dynamic samples, in most cases without user intervention. It is proving extremely useful in understanding dynamics in liquid suspensions, soft materials, cells, and tissues. In DDM, image sequences are analyzed via a combination of image differences and spatial Fourier transforms to obtain information equivalent to that obtained by means of light scattering techniques. Compared to light scattering, DDM offers obvious advantages, principally (a) simplicity of the setup; (b) possibility of removing static contributions along the optical path; (c) power of simultaneous different microscopy contrast mechanisms; and (d) flexibility of choosing an analysis region, analogous to a scattering volume. For many questions, DDM has also advantages compared to segmentation/tracking approaches and to correlation techniques like particle image velocimetry. The very straight forward DDM approach, originally demonstrated with bright field microscopy of aqueous colloids, has lately been used to probe a variety of other complex fluids and biological systems with many different imaging methods, including dark-field, differential interference contrast, wide-field, light-sheet, and confocal microscopy. The number of adopting groups is rapidly increasing and so are the applications. Here, we briefly recall the working principles of DDM, we highlight its advantages and limitations, we outline recent experimental breakthroughs, and we provide a perspective on future challenges and directions. DDM can become a standard primary tool in every laboratory equipped with a microscope, at the very least as a first bias-free automated evaluation of the dynamics in a system. Published by AIP Publishing.