Negative environmental impacts of antibiotic-contaminated effluents from pharmaceutical industries
Negative environmental impacts of antibiotic-contaminated effluents from pharmaceutical industries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.019
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Udikovic-Kolic, Nikolina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bielen, Ana;Simatovic, Ana;Udikovic-Kolic, Nikolina
制药工业的废水被认为是抗生素对水生污染的重要贡献者。虽然此类污染的报告主要发生在亚洲，但对包括欧洲在内的世界其他区域的工业排放以及与此类接触有关的影响的了解仍然有限。因此，我们进行了化学，微生物和生态毒理学分析的废水从两个克罗地亚制药工业在四个季节。在合成大环内酯类抗生素阿奇霉素（AZI）的公司的处理过的流出物中，AZI和来自其合成的两种大环内酯类副产物的总浓度在冬季和春季（高达10.5mg/L）比其他两个季节（高达638 μ g/L）高1-3个数量级。因此，在冬季和春季，在受体河流中测得的总浓度最高（高达30微克/升）。来自第二家公司的配制兽用抗生素的流出物含有氟喹诺酮类、甲氧苄啶、磺胺类和四环素类，范围从低TX到约TX。200 μ g/L。这些抗生素的低浓度，从低于定量限到约几微克/升，也已在受体流测量。在研究的废水中也发现了耐AZI（高达83%）或磺胺二甲嘧啶（高达90%）和土霉素（高达50%）的可培养细菌的高频率。最后，我们证明了对藻类和水蚤的毒性经常超过允许值。大多数高度污染的废水诱导斑马鱼胚胎的多种异常。总之，通过广泛的分析，我们已经证明，制药行业的排放物可能会造成重大的生态和公共卫生问题，因为它们对水生生物的毒性和促进抗生素耐药性发展和传播的风险。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Effluents from pharmaceutical industries are recognized as significant contributors to aquatic pollution with antibiotics. Although such pollution has been mostly reported in Asia, knowledge on industrial discharges in other regions of the world, including Europe, and on the effects associated with such exposures is still limited. Thus, we performed chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological analyses of effluents from two Croatian pharmaceutical industries during four seasons. In treated effluents of the company synthesizing macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZI), the total concentration of AZI and two macrolide by-products from its synthesis was 1-3 orders of magnitude higher in winter and springtime (up to 10.5 mg/L) than during the other two seasons (up to 638 mu g/L). Accordingly, the highest total concentrations (up to 30 mu g/L) in the recipient river were measured in winter and spring. Effluents from second company formulating veterinary antibiotics contained fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, sulfonamides and tetracyclines ranging from low}TX to approx. 200 mu g/L. Low concentrations of these antibiotics, from below the limit of quantification to approx. few mu g/L, have also been measured in the recipient stream. High frequency of culturable bacteria resistant to AZI (up to 83%) or sulfamethazine (up to 90%) and oxytetracycline (up to 50%) were also found in studied effluents. Finally, we demonstrated that toxicity to algae and water fleas often exceeded the permitted values. Most highly contaminated effluents induced multiple abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. In conclusion, using a wide array of analyses we have demonstrated that discharges from pharmaceutical industries can pose a significant ecological and public health concern due to their toxicity to aquatic organisms and risks for promoting development and spread of antibiotic resistance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.