Harvesting the biosphere: the human impact.
Harvesting the biosphere: the human impact.
复制标题
收获生物圈：人类的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
V. Smil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Smil
人类已经进化到主宰生物圈的地步：全球人类的质量现在比所有野生陆生哺乳动物的质量大一个数量级。因此，我们对收获光合作用产物作为食物、动物饲料、原材料和能源的依赖日益增长，对全球产生了重大影响。在过去的两千年里，这些收获，以及由于森林砍伐和草地和湿地的转换而导致的土地利用的变化，使全球陆生植物的数量减少了45%，20世纪减少了15%以上。目前植物质量的年收获量占全球净初级生产力（NPP，光合作用产生的新植物组织总量）的很大一部分。一些研究表明，人类对NPP的占用（这两个变量的比率）高达40%，但这一测量本身就存在问题。未来的人口增长和生活质量的提高将导致对生物圈的更多要求，但存在满足这些需求的选择，而不会严重损害不可替代的生物圈服务。
The human species has evolved to dominate the biosphere: global anthropomass is now an order of magnitude greater than the mass of all wild terrestrial mammals. As a result, our dependence on harvesting the products of photosynthesis for food, animal feed, raw materials, and energy has grown to make substantial global impacts. During the past two millennia these harvests, and changes of land use due to deforestation and conversions of grasslands and wetlands, have reduced the stock of global terrestrial plant mass by as much as 45 percent, with the twentieth-century reduction amounting to more than 15 percent. Current annual harvests of phytomass have been a significant share of the global net primary productivity (NPP, the total amount of new plant tissues created by photosynthesis). Some studies put the human appropriation of NPP (the ratio of these two variables) as high as 40 percent but the measure itself is problematic. Future population growth and improved quality of life will result in additional claims on the biosphere, but options to accommodate these demands exist without severely compromising the irreplaceable biospheric services.