Setting and changing feature priorities in visual short-term memory
Setting and changing feature priorities in visual short-term memory
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-016-1094-6
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Rolfs, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kalogeropoulou, Zampeta;Jagadeesh, Akshay V.;Rolfs, Martin
在从丰富的感官输入中进行选择和在视觉短期记忆（VSTM）中保存信息的过程中，许多日常任务都需要优先考虑某些视觉特征。在这里，我们展示了当观察者最初关注不同的特征时，他们可以改变VSTM中的优先级。观察者凭记忆报告了两组空间上穿插的黑白光栅中的一组的方向。利用彩色前提示（在刺激开始前呈现）和回溯提示（在刺激抵消后呈现）预测待报道组，我们分别在刺激编码和维持过程中独立操纵观察者的特征优先级。与中性提示相比，有效的预提示可靠地提高了观察者的表现（减少猜测，提高报告精度）；无效的提示则有相反的效果。有效的回溯线索也能持续提高性能（通过减少随机猜测），即使意外组突然变得相关（无效-有效条件）。因此，基于特征的关注可以重塑VSTM中的优先级，以保护否则会被遗忘的信息。
Many everyday tasks require prioritizing some visual features over competing ones, both during the selection from the rich sensory input and while maintaining information in visual short-term memory (VSTM). Here, we show that observers can change priorities in VSTM when, initially, they attended to a different feature. Observers reported from memory the orientation of one of two spatially interspersed groups of black and white gratings. Using colored pre-cues (presented before stimulus onset) and retro-cues (presented after stimulus offset) predicting the to-be-reported group, we manipulated observers' feature priorities independently during stimulus encoding and maintenance, respectively. Valid pre-cues reliably increased observers' performance (reduced guessing, increased report precision) as compared to neutral ones; invalid pre-cues had the opposite effect. Valid retro-cues also consistently improved performance (by reducing random guesses), even if the unexpected group suddenly became relevant (invalid-valid condition). Thus, feature-based attention can reshape priorities in VSTM protecting information that would otherwise be forgotten.