The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis
The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1038/ni.3829
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
30.5
通讯作者：
Hammad, Hamida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambrecht, Bart N.;Hammad, Hamida
过敏的卫生假说的免疫学是复杂的，并且涉及由于采用西方生活方式和慢性传染病的消失而导致的细胞和体液免疫调节途径的丧失。饮食的影响和微生物组多样性的减少现在构成了关于过敏流行病如何发生的科学思考的基础，尽管仍然缺乏对人类过程的明确机制见解。在这里，我们提出屏障上皮细胞受到环境因素和微生物组衍生的危险信号和代谢产物的严重影响，因此可以作为免疫调节的重要变阻器，特别是在出生后早期发育期间。基于这一新知识的预防策略可以利用微生物世界的多样性和人类对它的反应方式，并可能恢复近年来已经失去的旧的共生关系，而不会引起疾病或需要回到不卫生的生活方式。
The immunology of the hygiene hypothesis of allergy is complex and involves the loss of cellular and humoral immunoregulatory pathways as a result of the adoption of a Western lifestyle and the disappearance of chronic infectious diseases. The influence of diet and reduced microbiome diversity now forms the foundation of scientific thinking on how the allergy epidemic occurred, although clear mechanistic insights into the process in humans are still lacking. Here we propose that barrier epithelial cells are heavily influenced by environmental factors and by microbiome-derived danger signals and metabolites, and thus act as important rheostats for immunoregulation, particularly during early postnatal development. Preventive strategies based on this new knowledge could exploit the diversity of the microbial world and the way humans react to it, and possibly restore old symbiotic relationships that have been lost in recent times, without causing disease or requiring a return to an unhygienic life style.