Early diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (point-of-care tests)
Early diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (point-of-care tests)
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DOI：
10.1097/mcp.0b013e3282f7642f
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Charles, Patrick G. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charles, Patrick G. P.
综述目的呼吸道感染是处方抗生素的常见原因，尽管并非所有这些感染都需要此类治疗。使用即时检测快速诊断病原学是减少不必要和不必要的广谱抗生素处方的一种潜在有用的方法。这也可以促进适当的感染控制措施，以防止呼吸道病毒在机构内传播。最近的研究结果床旁检测可用于诊断流感，呼吸道合胞病毒，肺炎链球菌和军团菌感染，使用容易获得的标本。它们的主要优点是可以在大约15分钟内以合理的精度获得结果。然而，在许多情况下，通过更准确但更慢的测试来确认诊断仍然很重要，例如细菌培养和抗菌药物敏感性测试或病毒聚合酶链反应测试。总结尽管许多快速诊断测试的敏感性中等，但当在初始咨询时使用时，它们有可能降低成本、住院时间、呼吸道病毒的二次传播、以及不恰当的抗生素处方
Purpose of review Respiratory tract infections are a common reason for prescribing antibiotics, although not all of these infections require such therapy. Rapid diagnosis of etiology using point-of-care tests is a potentially useful way of reducing prescriptions of both unnecessary and unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotics. This can also lead to the facilitation of appropriate infection control measures to prevent spread of respiratory viruses within institutions.Recent findings Point-of-care tests are available for diagnosing influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Legionella infections using easily obtainable specimens. Their main benefit is that results can be obtained in about 15 min with reasonable accuracy. In many situations, however, it is still important to confirm diagnosis with more accurate but slower tests such as bacterial cultures with antibacterial susceptibility testing or viral polymerase chain reaction testing.Summary Although the sensitivities of many of the rapid diagnostic tests are moderate, when used at the time of initial consultation, they have the potential to reduce costs, length of stay, secondary spread of respiratory viruses, and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.