Hunter-gatherer genomics: evolutionary insights and ethical considerations.
Hunter-gatherer genomics: evolutionary insights and ethical considerations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.015
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Perry GH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bankoff RJ;Perry GH
狩猎和采集社会目前只占所有人口的一小部分。然而，现代狩猎采集群体的地理和环境多样性，他们对生态资源的固有依赖，以及他们与代表人类历史绝大多数的行为和生存模式的联系，为科学研究提供了机会，以提供对我们物种进化历史的重要见解。我们回顾了最近的进化基因组研究的狩猎采集者，特别是那些识别和功能特性的表型适应当地环境。我们还呼吁关注进行狩猎采集者基因组学研究的科学家应该考虑的具体伦理问题，包括传统移动的狩猎采集者与他们所统治的基于土地所有权的民族国家之间潜在的社会和经济紧张关系，以及基于基因组的证据与特定栖息地的长期进化关联的影响。
Hunting and gathering societies currently comprise only a small proportion of all human populations. However, the geographic and environmental diversity of modern hunter-gatherer groups, their inherent dependence on ecological resources, and their connection to patterns of behavior and subsistence that represent the vast majority of human history provide opportunities for scientific research to deliver major insights into the evolutionary history of our species. We review recent evolutionary genomic studies of hunter-gatherers, focusing especially on those that identify and functionally characterize phenotypic adaptations to local environments. We also call attention to specific ethical issues that scientists conducting hunter-gatherer genomics research ought to consider, including potential social and economic tensions between traditionally mobile hunter-gatherers and the land ownership-based nation-states by which they are governed, and the implications of genomic-based evidence of long-term evolutionary associations with particular habitats.