Endocrine controls of eating: CCK, leptin, and ghrelin
Endocrine controls of eating: CCK, leptin, and ghrelin
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.013
复制
发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Geary, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geary, N
外周生理和中枢神经机制对饮食控制的贡献对实验分析提出了巨大的挑战。应对这些挑战最有效的方法之一是内分泌学。本文通过考虑三种激素信号，即胆囊收缩素（CCK）、瘦素和胃饥饿素，来介绍饮食的内分泌控制。这些分子在人类和啮齿类动物中的作用是根据经典内分泌学中建立的一套标准来确定生理内分泌作用的。根据这些标准，CCK的饱腹作用是人体最确定的生理内分泌作用。相比之下，对瘦素在饱腹和胃饥饿中的内分泌作用的支持是不完整的，并且迫切需要进一步研究的领域已经确定。最后，对这三种激素的研究提出了一种新的概念方案，用于理解饮食对内分泌的控制。该方案区分了内分泌效应和内分泌效应，前者对激素分泌的刺激和分泌对饮食的影响是紧密耦合的，后者其中一个或两个联系是不耦合的。讨论了这一概念对研究设计和数据解释的影响。大量文献将内分泌系统与饮食行为的控制联系起来。这对吸收科学来说是幸运的。内分泌学是一门发展良好的学科，拥有令人印象深刻的智力和技术工具。相比之下，摄取科学，即对饮食和药物使用的研究，处于更初级的发展阶段。我在这里的总体论点是，适应和应用一些公认的内分泌学知识工具可能会加速消化科学的进展。审查的组织有三个方面。首先，内分泌控制饮食的治疗是有选择性的。只有三种激素，CCK，瘦素和胃饥饿素被考虑在内。目前尚不清楚这三种最重要的饮食内分泌控制因素，但它们无疑都是有趣的候选因素，它们之间的比较是有益的。其次，我主张应用经典内分泌标准来识别激素的生理效应，并将其与饮食行为相适应。这是通过引入这些标准来实现的，考虑到每种激素相对于它们的状态，并确定目前可用或缺乏相关证据的领域。第三，我认为有必要明确区分内分泌行为和内分泌行为之间的区别，前者对激素分泌的刺激和分泌对饮食的影响是紧密耦合的，后者这些联系是不耦合的。这个概念是在复习过程中归纳起来的。(C) 2004爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The peripheral physiological and central nervous mechanisms contributing to the control of eating present formidable challenges to experimental analysis. One of the most productive approaches to these challenges has been endocrinological. This review introduces the endocrine control of eating by considering three hormonal signals that have been hypothesized to control hunger or satiation, cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, and ghrelin. The roles of these molecules in humans and in rodents are considered against a set of criteria established in classical endocrinology for establishing physiological endocrine action. It is concluded that according to these criteria, CCK's satiating action in humans is the best-established physiological endocrine action. In contrast, support for endocrine actions of leptin in satiation and of ghrelin in hunger is incomplete, and areas urgently requiring further research are identified. Finally, a review of work on these three hormones suggests the utility of a new conceptual scheme for understanding the endocrine control of eating. This scheme distinguishes between endocrine effects in which the stimuli for hormonal secretion and the effect of secretion on eating are tightly coupled and endocrine effects in which one or both of these links is uncoupled. The implications of this concept for research design and interpretation of data are discussed.A vast literature links endocrine systems to the control of eating behavior. This is fortunate for ingestive science. Endocrinology is a well-developed discipline with an impressive armamentarium of intellectual and technical tools. In contrast, ingestive science, i.e., the study of eating, drinking, and drug use, is at a more rudimentary stage of development. My general thesis here is that the adaptation and application of some of the well-accepted intellectual tools of endocrinology is likely to accelerate progress in ingestive science.The organization of the review is threefold. First, the treatment of endocrine controls of eating is selective. Just three hormones, CCK, leptin, and ghrelin, are considered. It is not clear that these are the three most important endocrine controls of eating, but they are each certainly interesting candidates, and comparisons among them are instructive. Second, I argue for the utility of the application of classical endocrine criteria for the identification of physiological effects of hormones, as adapted to eating behavior. This is done by introducing these criteria, considering each hormone's status with respect to them, and identifying the areas where relevant evidence is currently available or is lacking. Third, I argue for the utility of making explicit the distinction between endocrine actions in which the stimuli for hormonal secretion and the effect of secretion on eating are tightly coupled and endocrine actions in which these links are uncoupled. This concept is assembled inductively in the course of the review. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.