TASK SPECIALIZATION IN US CITIES FROM 1880 TO 2000
TASK SPECIALIZATION IN US CITIES FROM 1880 TO 2000
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jeea/jvy007
复制
发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Redding, Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michaels, Guy;Rauch, Ferdinand;Redding, Stephen J.
我们开发了一种新的方法，使用职业名称词典 (DOT) 中 12,000 多个职业描述中的 3,000 多个动词来量化职业中所承担的任务。使用 1880 年至 2000 年美国的微观数据，我们发现，随着时间的推移，各部门内互动职业的就业比例有所增加，都市地区的增幅高于非都市地区。我们使用一个模型来解释这些发现，在该模型中，交通和通信成本的降低促使城市地区根据其在互动任务中的比较优势进行专业化。我们提供了有关互动职业就业增长与交通和通信技术改进的提示性证据。我们的研究结果凸显了随着时间的推移，集聚的性质发生了变化，越来越重视人与人之间的互动。
We develop a new methodology for quantifying the tasks undertaken within occupations using over 3,000 verbs from more than 12,000 occupational descriptions in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOTs). Using micro data from the United States from 1880 to 2000, we find an increase in the employment share of interactive occupations within sectors over time that is larger in metro areas than nonmetro areas. We interpret these findings using a model in which reductions in transport and communication costs induce urban areas to specialize according to their comparative advantage in interactive tasks. We present suggestive evidence relating increases in employment in interactive occupations to improvements in transport and communication technologies. Our findings highlight a change in the nature of agglomeration over time toward an increased emphasis on human interaction.