Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems.
Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems.
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DOI：
10.1039/c5cs00798d
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发表时间：
2016-03-07
影响因子：
46.2
通讯作者：
Hamblin MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karimi M;Ghasemi A;Sahandi Zangabad P;Rahighi R;Moosavi Basri SM;Mirshekari H;Amiri M;Shafaei Pishabad Z;Aslani A;Bozorgomid M;Ghosh D;Beyzavi A;Vaseghi A;Aref AR;Haghani L;Bahrami S;Hamblin MR
纳米科学领域的新成就和纳米医学的创新技术已经将微米/纳米颗粒（MNP）推向了在不久的将来实际应用的实际有用的点。癌细胞和正常细胞的细胞外和细胞内环境之间的各种差异以及肿瘤的特定特征，例如物理化学性质、新血管、弹性、表面电荷和pH，已经激发了本发明的用于刺激响应性受控药物释放的“智能”MNP的设计和制造。这些新型MNP可以被定制为响应于pH变化、氧化还原电位、酶激活、热梯度、磁场、光和超声（US），或者甚至可以响应于不同刺激的双重或多重组合。这种无与伦比的能力增加了它们作为位点特异性受控药物递送系统（DDS）的重要性，并促进了它们近年来的快速发展。深入了解这些DDS方法的基本机制有望进一步促进这一开创性的纳米医学领域。智能纳米载体的形式MNP，可以通过内部或外部刺激触发总结和讨论在本审查中，包括pH敏感的肽和聚合物，氧化还原响应胶束和纳米凝胶，热或磁响应纳米粒子（NP），机械或电响应MNP，光或超声敏感颗粒，和多响应MNP包括双刺激敏感的石墨烯纳米片。本文综述了智能MNP的最新进展，根据其激活刺激（物理，化学或生物）分类，并展望了未来的制药应用。
New achievements in the realm of nanoscience and innovative techniques of nanomedicine have moved micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) to the point of becoming actually useful for practical applications in the near future. Various differences between the extracellular and intracellular environments of cancerous and normal cells and the particular characteristics of tumors such as physicochemical properties, neovasculature, elasticity, surface electrical charge, and pH have motivated the design and fabrication of inventive “smart” MNPs for stimulus-responsive controlled drug release. These novel MNPs can be tailored to be responsive to pH variations, redox potential, enzymatic activation, thermal gradients, magnetic fields, light, and ultrasound (US), or can even be responsive to dual or multi-combinations of different stimuli. This unparalleled capability has increased their importance as site-specific controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) and has encouraged their rapid development in recent years. An in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these DDS approaches is expected to further contribute to this groundbreaking field of nanomedicine. Smart nanocarriers in the form of MNPs that can be triggered by internal or external stimulus are summarized and discussed in the present review, including pH-sensitive peptides and polymers, redox-responsive micelles and nanogels, thermo- or magnetic-responsive nanoparticles (NPs), mechanical- or electrical-responsive MNPs, light or ultrasound-sensitive particles, and multi-responsive MNPs including dual stimuli-sensitive nanosheets of graphene. This review highlights the recent advances of smart MNPs categorized according to their activation stimulus (physical, chemical, or biological) and looks forward to future pharmaceutical applications.