Turning Simple Span Into Complex Span: Time for Decay or Interference From Distractors?
Turning Simple Span Into Complex Span: Time for Decay or Interference From Distractors?
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DOI：
10.1037/a0019764
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Oberauer, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewandowsky, Stephan;Geiger, Sonja M.;Oberauer, Klaus
我们调查的影响，持续时间和类型的被阐述干扰词在编码的口头清单到短期记忆（STM）。在列表呈现过程中，干扰物和要记住的项目交替出现，就像在复杂跨度任务中一样，这是许多工作记忆研究的基础。根据短时记忆的干扰模型，即所谓的盒子中的序列顺序（serial order in a box）（Farrell & Lewandowsky，2002），即使早期列表项目的保留间隔增加，列表项目之间相同单词的额外重复发音也会导致短时记忆编码的进一步中断。Escherichia还预测，如果分心物间隔增加，几个不同分心物项目的清晰度应该会导致更强的破坏。这些预测在4个实验中得到了定性的证实，这些实验发现，是干扰物的类型，而不是它们的总持续时间，决定了将列表编码到STM中的成功。这些结果对复杂跨度性能的时间模型提出了挑战，例如基于时间的资源共享模型（Barrouillet，Bernardin和Camos，2004）。研究结果进一步证明，短期记忆并不完全受时间过程的支配。
We investigated the effects of the duration and type of to-be-articulated distractors during encoding of a verbal list into short-term memory (STM). Distractors and to-be-remembered items alternated during list presentation, as in the complex-span task that underlies much of working-memory research. According to an interference model of STM, known as serial order in a box (SOB; Farrell & Lewandowsky, 2002), additional repeated articulations of the same word between list items should cause minimal further disruption of encoding into STM even though the retention interval for early list items is increased. SOB also predicts that the articulation of several different distractor items should lead to much enhanced disruption if the distractor interval is increased. Those predictions were qualitatively confirmed in 4 experiments that found that it is the type of distractors, not their total duration, that determines the success of encoding a list into STM. The results pose a challenge to temporal models of complex-span performance, such as the time-based resource sharing model (Barrouillet, Bernardin, & Camos, 2004). The results add to a growing body of evidence that memory for the short term is not exclusively governed by purely temporal processes.