The Power of the Weak

The Power of the Weak
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弱者的力量

DOI:
10.1145/3372392
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
0.5
通讯作者:
Carreiro F
Carreiro F
中科院分区:
计算机科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carreiro F

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形式验证逻辑研究中的一个里程碑式的结果是雅宁和Walukiewicz定理,指出模态μ-演算(μML)在标记转移系统(LTS)上等价于标准一元二阶逻辑(SMSO)。我们的工作证明了两个同类结果,一个是关于μML的无交替或无以太片段μNML的模态侧结果,另一个是关于弱一元二阶逻辑WMSO的二阶侧结果。在二叉树的设置中,通过显式函数访问节点的左和右后继,已知WMSO等价于无交替μ演算的适当版本。我们的分析表明,一旦我们考虑,如雅宁和Walukiewicz所做的,标准的模态μ演算,解释任意LTSs. First定理,我们证明的是,在LTSs,μNML是等价模双相似性oetherianMSO(NMSO),SMSO的一个新引入的变种,其中二阶量化的范围仅在“反向良基”子集。我们的第二个定理从WMSO出发,证明了它等价于由连续性概念定义的μNML片段的模双相似性。类似于雅宁和Walukiewicz的结果,我们的证明是自动机理论的性质:作为另一个贡献,我们引入了奇偶自动机类的特点表现力的WMSO和NMSO(树模型)和μCML和μNML(所有的过渡系统)。
A landmark result in the study of logics for formal verification is Janin and Walukiewicz’s theorem, stating that the modal μ-calculus (μML) is equivalent modulo bisimilarity to standard monadic second-order logic (here abbreviated as SMSO) over the class of labelled transition systems (LTSs for short). Our work proves two results of the same kind, one for the alternation-free ornoetherianfragment μNML of μML on the modal side and one for WMSO, weak monadic second-order logic, on the second-order side. In the setting of binary trees, with explicit functions accessing the left and right successor of a node, it was known that WMSO is equivalent to the appropriate version of alternation-free μ-calculus. Our analysis shows that the picture changes radically once we consider, as Janin and Walukiewicz did, the standard modal μ-calculus, interpreted over arbitrary LTSs.The first theorem that we prove is that, over LTSs, μNML is equivalent modulo bisimilarity tonoetherianMSO (NMSO), a newly introduced variant of SMSO where second-order quantification ranges over “conversely well-founded” subsets only. Our second theorem starts from WMSO and proves it equivalent modulo bisimilarity to a fragment of μNML defined by a notion of continuity. Analogously to Janin and Walukiewicz’s result, our proofs are automata-theoretic in nature: As another contribution, we introduce classes of parity automata characterising the expressiveness of WMSO and NMSO (on tree models) and of μCML and μNML (for all transition systems).
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期刊: 2013 28th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
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